Torah Ohr · Parshas Lech Lecha · Maamar 4
והבדילה הפרוכת לכם
“And the curtain shall separate for you”
The big idea
The partition between the worlds, the Chashmal, is rooted higher than what it conceals, like a parable that only a great mind can make; its concealment is what makes creation “something from nothing” possible. The screen of kelipas nogah beneath it is the “foreskin” that man removes, through the refinement of the weekdays and through circumcision, so that G‑d is revealed below as above.
The maamar in brief
The maamar begins with the Temple's gate-curtains, hung “for modesty” even when the gates stood open by day, and maps the Temple onto Malchus of Atzilus: at night the gates of Eden close and only an outer flow continues, as in sleep only the body's lower functions work. Even by day the inner light passes through a partition, which the Alter Rebbe identifies, following Etz Chaim, with the Chashmal: the outer garment of Binah that wraps Z'eir Anpin and Nukva on their sides and forms a “shoe” beneath them, the screen between Atzilus and Beriah. Like a parable, it clothes and is lower than what it clothes, yet is rooted far higher; hence its name, chash (the silence of its root in Chochmah and Binah) and mal (speech, its outward expression). This explains the Talmud's saying that the Chashmal-angels are silent when G‑d's speech goes forth. The shoe also limits the light reaching Beriah to a “derivative light,” so creation exists as “something from nothing.” On Shabbos one screen stands between Atzilus and the world, on weekdays more; below all the holy screens is kelipas nogah, the foreskin, which man refines through honest weekday work and removes through circumcision, making Avraham “father of a multitude of nations.”
Outline
- The curtain “for modesty”: day and night in MalchusThe Temple's gate-curtains and the Temple's parallel in Malchus of Atzilus; at night the gates of Eden close and only outer vitality flows, as in sleep.¶1
- The Chashmal: garment, shoe and parableInner light by day still passes a partition, the Chashmal of Binah, which guards the emotive Sefiros and becomes the screen between worlds; like a parable it is rooted above what it clothes, hence chash and mal.¶2
- The silent angels and “something from nothing”Chashmal-angels fall silent when G‑d's speech is revealed and speak when it withdraws; the shoe beneath Z'eir Anpin and Nukva reduces the light to a derivative light, so Beriah exists as something from nothing.¶3–4
- Shabbos, weekdays and kelipas nogahThe number of screens by day and place; kelipas nogah as the foreskin between holy and profane; man's task to refine the weekdays and make them holy; milah as mal Yud-Hei.¶5
- Circumcision: “My covenant with you”Removing the foreskin gathers sparks (“father of a multitude of nations”) and draws the raised Malchus, “I” with zakef gadol, through Yesod to be revealed below.¶6
Key concepts
- Partition (parsa) / screen (masach)פרסא / מסך
- The divide between one world and the next, above all between Atzilus and Beriah. It lets light through only in reduced, “modest” form.
- Chashmalחשמל
- The outer garment of Binah that wraps Z'eir Anpin and Nukva to keep the external forces away; beneath them it becomes the “shoe,” the screen between worlds. Its name divides into chash (silence) and mal (speech).
- Shoe (naal / minal)נעל / מנעל
- The part of the Chashmal beneath the “feet” of the Sefiros, identified with the screen between Atzilus and Beriah; Metatron is called “the shoe of the Shechinah.”
- Derivative light (or shel toldah)אור של תולדה
- The light that passes through the screen into Beriah: an offshoot rather than the essence, and therefore the “nothing” from which created “something” comes.
- Kelipas nogahקליפת נוגה
- The “glowing husk” below Asiyah, between holiness and impurity; the “foreskin” that separates holy from profane and that man must refine and remove.
- Profane things prepared in the purity of holinessחולין שנעשו על טהרת הקדש
- The goal of weekday life: ordinary activity, done faithfully and for the sake of Heaven, raised into holiness through the holiness of Shabbos.
The curtain “for modesty”: day and night in Malchus ¶1
“And the curtain (paroches) shall separate for you.” Now, in Etz Chaim (Sha'ar 41) it is explained that there is a partition (parsa) (and see Etz Chaim, Sha'ar 7, chapter 2).
The maamar opens with the verse about the curtain (paroches) that divided the Holy from the Holy of Holies in the Mishkan. The Alter Rebbe immediately links it to a Kabbalistic idea from the Arizal's Etz Chaim: that in the spiritual worlds too there is a "partition" (parsa), a dividing screen between one level and the next.
ובגמרא בכתובות (דק״ו ע״א) איתא י״ג פרוכת היו במקדש שני5 ז׳ כנגד ז׳ שערים כו׳ ופרש״י דלצניעותא עבידי.
And in the Gemara, in Kesubos (106a), it is stated: “There were thirteen curtains in the Second Temple: seven opposite the seven gates,” etc.; and Rashi explains that they were made for modesty.
The Talmud records that the Second Temple had thirteen curtains, seven of them hung at the seven gates of the Courtyard. Rashi explains that these gate-curtains were not structural but "for modesty": to screen what was inside from direct view.
והיינו כי בלילה היו השערים ננעלים וכדאיתא במסכת תמיד רק ביום היו פתוחים שיהיו נכנסין ויוצאין דרך פתחי השערים והיו מוכרחים להיות פתוחים אעפ״כ הי׳ פרוכת לכל שער לצניעות כו׳.
That is: at night the gates were locked, as is stated in Tractate Tamid, and only by day were they open, so that people could go in and out through the gateways; and [though] they had to be open, nevertheless there was a curtain for each gate, for modesty, etc.
The point of the detail: the gates were locked at night anyway, so the curtains mattered only by day, when the gates stood open for people to pass through. Even when entry was open, the inside was still veiled, and the maamar will apply this to how Divine light passes from world to world.
וענין זה הוא כי הנה העזרה והלשכות הם מכוונים נגד מלכות דאצילות כי למעלה במלכות יש כל הבחי׳ שבעזרה וגם הר הבית ת״ק אמה כמ״ש בזהר שלח לך (דקס״א ע״ב).6
The meaning of this is as follows. The Temple Courtyard (Azarah) and the chambers correspond to Malchus (sovereignty) of the World of Atzilus (Emanation), for above, in Malchus, there are all the aspects that are in the Courtyard, and also the Temple Mount of five hundred cubits, as stated in the Zohar, [Parshas] Shelach Lecha (161b).
The Temple on earth mirrors a structure above. Its Courtyard and chambers correspond to Malchus of Atzilus, the lowest Sefirah of the highest world, the one that faces outward to the worlds below; the Zohar even speaks of a supernal Temple Mount of five hundred cubits.
והנה בלילה תרעין דג״ע אסתימו7 וכמו שננעלים השערים שערי העזרה הגם דכתי׳ ותקם בעוד לילה8 ותתן טרף לביתה היינו בבחי׳ חיצוניות דוקא
Now, at night “the gates of the Garden of Eden are closed,” just as the gates, the gates of the Courtyard, are locked. And although it is written, “She rises while it is still night and gives food to her household,” that is specifically in the outer dimension (chitzoniyus).
The Zohar teaches that at night the gates of the Garden of Eden (the spiritual abode of souls) close, just as the Temple gates were locked. The verse about the "woman of valor" who rises at night to feed her household (read as Malchus sustaining the worlds) does not contradict this: what flows at night is only the outer dimension of G‑d's influence, not its inner light.
וכמו באדם בשעת שינה שהוא הסתלקות וקבוץ החיות מן הדם הוא הנפש לתוך הלב ונסתם הכל בתוכו שאין מתפשט ממנו פנימית החיות רק קיסטא דחיותא9 וחיצוניות שאז הוא דוקא גילוי והתפשטות חיצוניות החיות
It is like a person during sleep, which is a withdrawal and gathering of the life-force from the blood, which is the soul, into the heart, and everything is closed up within it, so that the inner dimension (pnimiyus) of the life-force does not spread out from it, but only a kista de-chayusa (a small measure of life) and the outer dimension; for at that time there is specifically the revelation and spreading of the outer dimension of the life-force,
The Alter Rebbe illustrates this with human sleep. In sleep the soul's vitality withdraws into the heart and is closed up there; only a "small measure of life" remains active in the body, the outer, basic functions of life.
such as the nourishing power and the digestive power in the soul, which are the outer dimension compared with the power of the intellect, the emotive attributes (middos), sight and hearing.
During sleep the functions that keep working are the vegetative ones, nourishment and digestion. These are "outer" compared with the soul's higher powers of thought, feeling, sight and hearing, which fall silent in sleep.
The paragraph introduces the maamar's subject, the curtain or partition, through the Temple's gate-curtains "for modesty," and maps the Temple's gates onto Malchus of Atzilus. Night, when the gates of Eden close and only outer vitality flows, is compared to sleep, when only the body's lower functions remain active.
The parallel between the gates of the Azarah and the "gates of the Garden of Eden" sets up the maamar's structure: day and night in Malchus correspond to inner and outer flows, and the curtain "for modesty" will become the Chashmal and the screen (masach) between Atzilus and Beriah. The distinction between the pnimiyus and chitzoniyus of the life-force in sleep follows the Zohar's "kista de-chayusa."
Marei mekomos
- 1
On the words
והבדילה הפרוכת
How it connects
The note records that another transcript of this maamar, by the Mitteler Rebbe, is printed in the Siddur, opening "To understand the roots of the above matters." It is a parallel version of the same discourse.our note
Where the note points
Siddur with Chassidus (transcript of the Mitteler Rebbe)סידור עם דא״ח147a
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Sefer HaMaamarim 5566 (transcript of Rabbi Moshe, son of the Alter Rebbe)ספר המאמרים תקס״וp. 61
Our explanationA further transcript of this maamar, recorded by Rabbi Moshe, the Alter Rebbe's son, also opening "To understand the roots of the above matters." Comparing versions helps with difficult phrasing here.
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Derech Mitzvosecha, by the Tzemach Tzedekדרך מצותיך6b
Our explanationThe note lists Derech Mitzvosecha among the places where this discourse appears; its version adds small details (see note 12:75).
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Avodas HaLevi, by Rabbi Aharon of Strashelyeעבודת הלוי16d
Our explanationThe note records a transcript of this maamar by Rabbi Aharon of Strashelye, a disciple of the Alter Rebbe, printed in his Avodas HaLevi.
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Tziyunim (source notes) of the Lubavitcher Rebbeציונים לכ״ק אדמו״רabove, in the source notes
Our explanationThe note refers the reader to the Rebbe's source notes printed earlier in the edition for further references on this maamar.
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
הנחת כ״ק אדמו״ר האמצעי בסידור קמז, א. הנחת ר׳ משה בן אדה״ז בסה״מ תקס״ו ע׳ סא. ובשניהם מתחיל: להבין שרשי הדברים הנ״ל. דרך מצותיך ו, ב. הנחת מהר״א מסטראשליע בס׳ עבודת הלוי טז, ד.
ראה לעיל בציונים לכ״ק אדמו״ר זי״ע.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 2
On the words
והבדילה הפרוכת לכם
How it connects
The verse commands that the curtain be hung to separate between the Holy and the Holy of Holies. It is the maamar's opening verse and its theme.our note
The source
Exodus 26:33שמות כ״ו:ל״גSefaria (opens in a new tab)32וְנָתַתָּה אֹתָהּ עַל־אַרְבָּעָה עַמּוּדֵי שִׁטִּים מְצֻפִּים זָהָב וָוֵיהֶם זָהָב עַל־אַרְבָּעָה אַדְנֵי־כָסֶף: 33וְנָתַתָּה אֶת־הַפָּרֹכֶת תַּחַת הַקְּרָסִים וְהֵבֵאתָ שָׁמָּה מִבֵּית לַפָּרֹכֶת אֵת אֲרוֹן הָעֵדוּת וְהִבְדִּילָה הַפָּרֹכֶת לָכֶם בֵּין הַקֹּדֶשׁ וּבֵין קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים: 34וְנָתַתָּ אֶת־הַכַּפֹּרֶת עַל אֲרוֹן הָעֵדֻת בְּקֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים:
32… pillars of acacia overlaid with gold, their hooks being of gold, upon four sockets of silver. 33And thou shalt hang up the veil under the clasps, and shalt bring in thither within the veil the ark of the testimony; and the veil shall divide unto you between the holy place and the most holy. 34And thou shalt put the ark-cover upon the ark of the testimony in the most holy place.
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Kehot’s note
שמות כו, לג.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 3
On the words
בע״ח שער מ״א
How it connects
The parallel transcript in the Siddur treats the same reference to Etz Chaim, Sha'ar 41, on the partition.our note
Where the note points
Siddur with Chassidus (transcript of the Mitteler Rebbe)סידור עם דא״חhere, 147a
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Sefer HaMaamarim 5566ספר המאמרים תקס״וp. 61
Our explanationThe parallel transcript there discusses the same reference to Etz Chaim on the partition.
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Sefer HaChakirah (Derech Emunah), by the Tzemach Tzedekספר החקירה57a
Our explanationAs quoted in the note, Sefer HaChakirah states that there is a screen and curtain separating Atzilus from Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah, and that the root of this screen is the Chashmal of Binah. This is exactly the thesis this maamar develops.
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
ראה סידור כאן קמז, א. סה״מ תקס״ו ע׳ סא. ראה חקירה נז, א ”שיש מסך ופרגוד המפסיק בין אצילות לבי״ע . . ושורש המסך הנ״ל הוא מבחי׳ חשמל דבינה”.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 4
On the words
וע׳ בע״ח שער ז׳ פ״ב
How it connects
The note gives the content of Etz Chaim 7:2 (the verse "Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters," and the need for contraction so that Atzilus could receive light) and points to Or HaTorah for further discussion of that passage.our note
Where the note points
Or HaTorah, by the Tzemach Tzedekאור התורהVa'eschanan; Balak, p. 968
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Sefer HaChakirah (Derech Emunah), by the Tzemach Tzedekספר החקירה57a
Our explanationQuoted in the note: without this screen the worlds of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah could not have come into being. It anticipates the maamar's point that the partition is what makes creation "something from nothing" possible.
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
שעז״נ יהי רקיע בתוך המים . . ומבואר שם כי הצמצום בא״ק הוצרך להיות כדי שיהי׳ יכולת בעולם האצי׳ לקבל האור ממנו” — וראה באוה״ת ואתחנן ובספר החקירה נז, א ”ופי׳ שבלא המסך הנ״ל לא היה אפשר להתהוות עולמות בי״ע”. אוה״ת פ׳ בלק ע׳ תתקסח.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 5
How it connects
The Talmud states that the Second Temple had thirteen curtains, seven of them opposite the seven gates; Rashi there explains that these were for modesty. The Alter Rebbe uses the gate-curtains as the image of a partition that veils even when the way is open.our note
The source
Ketubot 106a:12כתובות ק״ו א:י״בSefaria (opens in a new tab)הָתָם בִּדְבָבֵי. דְּאָמַר רַבִּי זֵירָא אָמַר רַב: שְׁלֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה פָּרֹכוֹת הָיוּ בְּמִקְדָּשׁ שֵׁנִי, שֶׁבַע כְּנֶגֶד שִׁבְעָה שְׁעָרִים, אַחַת לְפִתְחוֹ שֶׁל הֵיכָל, וְאַחַת לְפִתְחוֹ שֶׁל אוּלָם. שְׁתַּיִם בַּדְּבִיר, שְׁתַּיִם כְּנֶגְדָּן בָּעֲלִיָּה.
Hebrew: William Davidson, Vocalized Aramaic (CC-BY-NC) · via Sefaria
- 6
On the words
כמ״ש בזהר שלח לך (דקס״א ע״ב)
How it connects
The Zohar on Shelach speaks of the supernal counterpart of the Temple and its courtyards. The Alter Rebbe cites it to show that everything in the earthly Courtyard, even the Temple Mount of five hundred cubits, exists above in Malchus.our note
The source
Zohar, Sh'lach 45:309–314ספר הזהר, שלח לך מ״ה:ש״ט-שי״דSefaria (opens in a new tab)Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
- 7
On the words
תרעין דג״ע אסתימו
How it connects
One of the Zohar passages the Kehot notes give for the idea that the gates of the Garden of Eden are closed at night and open by day. The Alter Rebbe applies it to Malchus of Atzilus.our note
The source
Zohar I, 92aזח״א צב, אSefaria (opens in a new tab)Where the note points
Sefer HaMitzvos (Derech Mitzvosecha), by the Tzemach Tzedekספר המצות (דרך מצותיך)Mitzvas Milah, ch. 4
Our explanationThe note points to the Tzemach Tzedek's discussion of circumcision, where the closing of the gates of Eden at night is also treated; this maamar ends with circumcision, too.
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)The Previous Rebbe’s maamar “תקעו בחדש” (5694)ד״ה תקעו בחדש תרצ״דA maamar of the Previous Rebbe, 5694
Our explanationA later maamar that also discusses the gates of the Garden of Eden being closed at night; the note lists it as a parallel.
Find it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
ראה זח״א צב, א. קעב, א. רמב, ב. ספר המצות להצ״צ מצות מילה פ״ד. ד״ה תקעו בחדש תרצ״ד (קונטרס פב).
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 8
On the words
ותקם בעוד לילה
How it connects
The "woman of valor" rises while it is still night and gives food to her household. Read as Malchus providing for the worlds, it shows that some influence flows even at night, which the Alter Rebbe identifies as the outer flow only.our note
The source
Proverbs 31:15משלי ל״א:ט״וSefaria (opens in a new tab)14הָיְתָה כׇּאֳנִיּוֹת סוֹחֵר מִמֶּרְחָק תָּבִיא לַחְמָהּ: 15וַתָּקׇם בְּעוֹד לַיְלָה וַתִּתֵּן טֶרֶף לְבֵיתָהּ וְחֹק לְנַעֲרֹתֶיהָ: 16זָמְמָה שָׂדֶה וַתִּקָּחֵהוּ מִפְּרִי כַפֶּיהָ נָטְעָה כָּרֶם:
14She is like the merchant-ships; she bringeth her food from afar. 15She riseth also while it is yet night, and giveth food to her household, and a portion to her maidens. 16She considereth a field, and buyeth it; with the fruit of her hands she planteth a vineyard.
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Kehot’s note
משלי לא, טו.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 9
On the words
קיסטא דחיותא
How it connects
The Kehot note gives this Zohar passage for the phrase "kista de-chayusa," the small measure of life that remains in the body during sleep. The Alter Rebbe uses it to illustrate the outer vitality that remains when the inner life-force withdraws.our note
The source
Zohar I, 83aזח״א פג, אSefaria (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
מדה קטנה דחיותא (ראה זח״א פג, א).
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 10
On the words
וכדאיתא במס׳ תמיד
How it connects
In the version of this passage there, the words "and in [Tractate] Middos" are added: the locking of the gates is also described in Tractate Middos.our note
Where the note points
Derech Mitzvosecha, by the Tzemach Tzedekדרך מצותיך6b
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
פ״ג. ובדרך מצותיך ו, ב נוסף: ובמדות.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 11
How it connects
Kehot’s note points to Zohar, Sh'lach 11:84–92 for these words.
The source
Zohar, Sh'lach 11:84–92ספר הזהר, שלח לך י״א:פ״ד-צ״בSefaria (opens in a new tab) - 12
How it connects
The opening Mishnah of Tamid describes the night watch in the Temple, when the elders of the priestly family slept in the Beis HaMoked holding the keys of the Courtyard. It supports the statement that the gates were locked at night (the Kehot note also points to chapter 3 of the tractate).our note
The source
Mishnah Tamid 1:1משנה תמיד א׳:א׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)בִּשְׁלשָׁה מְקוֹמוֹת הַכֹּהֲנִים שׁוֹמְרִים בְּבֵית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ. בְּבֵית אַבְטִינָס, בְּבֵית הַנִּיצוֹץ וּבְבֵית הַמּוֹקֵד. בֵּית אַבְטִינָס וּבֵית הַנִּיצוֹץ הָיוּ עֲלִיּוֹת, וְהָרוֹבִים שׁוֹמְרִים שָׁם. בֵּית הַמּוֹקֵד, כִּפָּה, וּבַיִת גָּדוֹל הָיָה, מֻקָּף רוֹבָדִים שֶׁל אֶבֶן, וְזִקְנֵי בֵית אָב יְשֵׁנִים שָׁם, וּמַפְתְּחוֹת הָעֲזָרָה בְּיָדָם. וּפִרְחֵי כְהֻנָּה אִישׁ כִּסְתּוֹ בָאָרֶץ. לֹא הָיוּ יְשֵׁנִים בְּבִגְדֵי קֹדֶשׁ, אֶלָּא פוֹשְׁטִין וּמְקַפְּלִין וּמַנִּיחִים אוֹתָן תַּחַת רָאשֵׁיהֶן, וּמִתְכַּסִּין בִּכְסוּת עַצְמָן. אֵרַע קֶרִי לְאַחַד מֵהֶן, יוֹצֵא וְהוֹלֵךְ לוֹ בַּמְּסִבָּה הַהוֹלֶכֶת תַּחַת …
In three places the priests keep watch in the Temple: in the chamber of Avtinas, in the chamber of the spark, and in the fire chamber. In the chamber of Avtinas and in the chamber of the spark there were upper chambers where the youths kept watch. The fire chamber was vaulted and it was a large room surrounded with stone projections, and the elders of the clan [serving in the Temple] used to sleep there, with the keys of the Temple courtyard in their hands. The priestly initiates used to place their bedding on the ground. They did not sleep in their sacred garments, but they used to take them off [and fold them] and place them under their heads and cover themselves with their own ordinary …
Hebrew: Torat Emet 357 (Public Domain) · English: Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp (CC-BY) · via Sefaria
The Chashmal: garment, shoe and parable ¶2
2והתפשטותן עיקרן בשעת שינה שבשעה שאינו ישן ומאיר השכל אז כח המעכל והזן אינן בהתפשטות כ״כ מצד התכללותן בכח השכל כנר בפני אבוקה ולכן מעכב התפשטותן
Their spreading takes place mainly during sleep. For when a person is not asleep and his intellect shines, the digestive and nourishing powers are not so spread out, because they are included in the power of the intellect, like a candle before a torch; and therefore [the intellect] holds back their spreading.
The nourishing and digestive powers work mainly in sleep. When a person is awake and thinking, these lower powers are absorbed in the dominant intellect, as a candle's flame is lost beside a torch, and so the intellect keeps them from spreading out fully.
אבל בשעת שינה שמסתלק ממשלת כח השכל אז הן מתפשטין ואז הקיבה מעכל ושולח אל הכבד כו׳. וכח הזן והמעכל והדוחה וכה״ג הם כחות חיצוניות ותחתוניות שבנפש.
But during sleep, when the rule of the power of the intellect withdraws, they spread out, and then the stomach digests and sends [the food] on to the liver, etc. The nourishing, digestive and expelling powers and the like are the outer and lower powers of the soul.
In sleep, when the intellect's rule withdraws, the lower powers spread freely: the stomach digests and passes nourishment to the liver. Nourishing, digesting and expelling are the soul's "outer" and "lower" powers, the ones that operate even when the higher ones are withdrawn.
וכך למעלה במלכות דאצי׳ שבלילה תרעין דג״ע אסתימו שההארה שנמשך מבחי׳ מל׳ בג״ע זיו השכינה זהו עיקר הארת פנימיות המל׳
So too above, in Malchus (sovereignty) of the World of Atzilus (Emanation): at night “the gates of the Garden of Eden are closed.” For the illumination drawn from the level of Malchus into the Garden of Eden, the radiance of the Shechinah (Divine Presence), is the main illumination of the inner dimension (pnimiyus) of Malchus
Now the analogy is applied above. At "night" in Malchus of Atzilus, the gates of Eden close: the radiance of the Shechinah that souls enjoy in the Garden of Eden is the inner light of Malchus, and that is what withdraws.
(דהיינו שההמשכה מבחי׳ ג״ר שבמל׳ וכמ״ש במ״א בביאור הזהר פ׳ אחרי)1 ובלילה מסתלק הארה זו אלא שהשפע׳ חיצוניות נמשך אז והיינו ותתן טרף2 בבי״ע (והמשכה זו מבחי׳ ז״ת שבמל׳)
(that is, the drawing down is from the level of the first three [Sefiros] within Malchus, as explained elsewhere in the explanation of the Zohar on Parshas Acharei). At night this illumination withdraws, and only an outer flow is drawn down then; this is [the meaning of] “and gives food” in [the worlds of] Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah (and this drawing down is from the level of the seven lower [Sefiros] of Malchus).
The inner light of Eden comes from the "first three," the intellectual Sefiros within Malchus. At night that withdraws and only an outer flow continues to Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah ("she gives food to her household"), coming from the seven lower, emotive Sefiros within Malchus: the life-sustaining minimum, like digestion in sleep.
וביום נפתחים תרעי דג״ע לפי שיש התגברות החסדים חסד אל כל היום3 ע״כ נמשך אז המשכה הפנימית ואעפ״כ יש בחי׳ פרוכת פרסא ונמשך המשכה זו
By day the gates of the Garden of Eden are opened, because there is a strengthening of the Chasadim (kindnesses) — “the kindness of G‑d is all day long” — therefore the inner flow is drawn down then. Nevertheless there is [still] the level of a curtain, a partition, and this flow is drawn down
By day the Chasadim (the kindnesses) prevail, as the verse says, "the kindness of G‑d is all day long," and so the inner flow opens. Yet even then, like the curtains hung in the open Temple gates, there is a partition through which the flow must pass.
ע״י אמצעות הפרסא והפרסא היא מבחי׳ חשמל שהוא מחיצוניות הבינה שמלביש ומקיף את י״ס דז״א וי״ס דנוק׳ כתנו׳ עור4 ומלבישם מצדיהם
by means of the partition. And the partition is from the level of the Chashmal, which is from the outer dimension (chitzoniyus) of Binah (understanding), which clothes and surrounds the ten Sefiros of Z'eir Anpin (the emotive attributes) and the ten Sefiros of Nukva (the feminine / Malchus) like a garment of skin, and clothes them on their sides.
The partition is identified with the Chashmal, the mysterious "electrum" of Ezekiel's vision, which in Kabbalah is the outermost garment of Binah. It wraps the Sefiros of Z'eir Anpin and Nukva on their sides like the "garments of skin" G‑d made for Adam and Chavah.
והוא בכדי שלא יהיה יניקת החיצונים ומתחת רגליהם הוא בחי׳ מנעל5 להיות הפסק בין אצילות לבריאה וליצירה כו׳
This is so that there be no drawing of nourishment by the external forces. And beneath their feet it is the level of a shoe, to be a separation between Atzilus and Beriah and Yetzirah, etc.
The purpose of this wrapping is to keep the "external forces" (the forces of kelipah) from drawing nourishment from holiness. The part of it that lies beneath the "feet" of these Sefiros is called a "shoe," and it forms the division between Atzilus and the lower worlds.
(ונעל הזה6 הוא בחי׳ המסך והפרסא המפסיק בין אצילות לבריאה כמ״ש בע״ח שמ״א פ״א ופרק ו׳ ובשער מ׳ פ״א)7 וכמו שפירש״י לצניעות דהיינו שלא יהיה
(This shoe is the level of the screen and partition that separates between Atzilus and Beriah, as stated in Etz Chaim, Sha'ar 41, chapter 1 and chapter 6, and in Sha'ar 40, chapter 1.) And [this is] as Rashi explained, “for modesty,” meaning that there should not be
The Alter Rebbe cites the Arizal's Etz Chaim: this "shoe" is the very screen (masach) and partition that separates Atzilus from Beriah. He returns to Rashi's word "modesty" to explain what the screen accomplishes.
כל גילוי האור של אצילות בבריאה כ״א בדרך מסך שהמלכות דאצילות בוקע המסך ונעשה עתיק לבריאה (ע׳ בע״ח שמ״א פ״א ואגה״ק איהו וחיוהי) וכן בכל עולם.
the full revelation of the light of Atzilus in Beriah, but only by way of a screen: Malchus of Atzilus breaks through the screen and becomes Atik of Beriah (see Etz Chaim, Sha'ar 41, chapter 1, and Iggeres HaKodesh, [the letter] “He and His life-force”). And so it is in every world.
"Modesty" means that Atzilus is not openly revealed in Beriah. Its light passes only through the screen: Malchus of Atzilus "breaks through" the screen and becomes Atik, the hidden highest level, of Beriah. The same pattern repeats between every world and the one below it.
שבבריאה נעשה ג״כ חשמל מחיצוניות הבינה8 ומקיף לזו״נ עד שנעשה מנעל כו׳ (בע״ח שמ״א פ״א שהמסך שבין בריאה ליצירה אינו מבינה דבריאה אלא מת״ת דבריאה אלא שבת״ת יש ג״כ חשמל כמ״ש הרמ״ז ס״פ יתרו בשם9 א״י.
For in Beriah, too, a Chashmal is formed from the outer dimension of Binah, and it surrounds Z'eir Anpin and Nukva, until it becomes a shoe, etc. (In Etz Chaim, Sha'ar 41, chapter 1, [it is stated] that the screen between Beriah and Yetzirah is not from Binah of Beriah but from Tiferes of Beriah; but in Tiferes too there is a Chashmal, as the Ramaz writes at the end of Parshas Yisro in the name of [the book] Adam Yashar.
So in Beriah too, the outer garment of its own Binah wraps its Z'eir Anpin and Nukva and becomes the "shoe" below them. In a parenthetical note the Alter Rebbe weighs another opinion in Etz Chaim (that this lower screen comes from Tiferes of Beriah) and reconciles them: Tiferes also has a Chashmal, as Rabbi Moshe Zacuto (the Ramaz) writes, citing the Kabbalistic work Adam Yashar.
ואמנם בלקוטי הש״ס מהאריז״ל10 דט״ז ד״ה לכי ומעטי א״ע כמ״ש כאן ע״ש ועמ״ש בביאור ע״פ כי ביום הזה יכפר11).12
However, in Likkutei HaShas from the Arizal, page 16, in the passage beginning “Go and diminish yourself,” [it is] as written here; see there. And see what is written in the explanation of the verse “For on this day He shall atone.”)
He adds that the Arizal's comments on the Talmud, on the moon being told "Go and diminish yourself," agree with what is said here, and refers the reader to his own explanation of "For on this day He shall atone" (printed in Likkutei Torah, Acharei).
ולהבין ענין חשמל13 זה מה ענינו הנה מבשרי אחזה14 כי במדות אין שם התגלות כל השכל שאם כן היו המדות בטלים בהשכל ולא הי׳ מהם כלל התפשטות והמשכה
To understand what this Chashmal is: “from my flesh I behold” [it]. In the emotive attributes (middos) there is not the revelation of the whole intellect, for if there were, the attributes would be nullified in the intellect, and there would be no spreading forth and drawing out from them at all.
Now he explains the Chashmal from human experience ("from my flesh I behold G‑d"). A person's emotions cannot contain his full intellect; if they did, they would dissolve in it and never come out as feelings at all.
אלא שאעפ״כ מקיף עליהם הארה מועטת מחיצוניות הבינה בחי׳ התבוננות שלמעלה מן המדות בכדי שלא יהי׳ יניקת החיצונים שמהמדות יכול להיות אחיזה לסט״א
Nevertheless, a small illumination from the outer dimension of Binah surrounds them — the level of contemplation that is above the emotive attributes — so that there be no drawing of nourishment by the external forces, for from the emotive attributes the sitra achra (the other side) can gain a hold,
Still, a small light from the outside of Binah, a kind of overarching contemplation that stays above the feelings, surrounds them. Its job is protective: emotions are where the sitra achra (the side opposed to holiness) can take hold.
וכמארז״ל לא כאברהם שיצא ממנו ישמעאל1516 כו׳ וכן שבה״כ היה בהמדות לפיכך צ״ל בחי׳ חשמל מקיף שלא יהי׳ להם יניקה מהמדות אלא בדרך שערות וצפרנים כפי הצורך בלבד
as our Sages said, “Not like Avraham, from whom Yishmael came forth,” etc.; and likewise the breaking of the vessels was in the emotive attributes. Therefore there must be the level of an encompassing Chashmal, so that they draw no nourishment from the attributes except in the manner of hair and nails, only as much as is needed.
The Sages note that Avraham's great kindness still produced Yishmael, a sign that even holy emotion can yield something negative, and the Kabbalistic "breaking of the vessels" took place in the emotive attributes. So the Chashmal surrounds them, allowing the external forces only a minimal, "hair and nails" share: what is superfluous, and only what is necessary.
(כי חשמל זה הוא מהבינה וחו״ב הן תרין ריעין17 כו׳ ומחכמה אין יניקה לחיצונים כנודע מענין הנגעים וכמ״ש ימותו ולא בחכמה18 לפי שחכמה כח מה בחי׳ בטול לאור א״ס כו׳).
(For this Chashmal is from Binah, and Chochmah and Binah are “two companions,” etc.; and from Chochmah (wisdom) the external forces draw no nourishment, as is known from the matter of the afflictions (nega'im), and as it is written, “They die, and not with wisdom,” because Chochmah is koach mah [“the power of what”], the level of self-nullification (bittul) to the Infinite Light (Or Ein Sof), etc.)
This is why the guard comes from Binah: Binah is paired with Chochmah ("two companions"), and Chochmah gives the external forces no hold at all. Chochmah is "koach mah," the potential of "what?", pure self-nullification before the Infinite Light; the verse "they die, and not with wisdom" is read to mean the forces of death have no wisdom.
The explanation of the Chashmal that clothes Z'eir Anpin and Nukva — it is the outer dimension in relation to them, and yet its root is higher than they, since it is from Binah:
A puzzle: the Chashmal is an outer garment of Z'eir Anpin and Nukva, lower than what it clothes, yet it comes from Binah, which is higher than they are. How can it be both?
הענין הוא כמו המשל שהוא לבוש להנמשל דהנה צירופי אותיות המשל הם גשמיות נגד הנמשל ולבוש לבד להנמשל
The matter is like a parable (mashal), which is a garment for the thing it illustrates (nimshal). For the letter-combinations of the parable are physical compared with the thing illustrated, and merely a garment for it.
The answer is the parable (mashal). A parable is a garment for its meaning: its words and images are coarse and physical compared with the idea they carry.
אך מ״מ שרש המשל הוא גבוה מאד23 נעלה שאין כל אדם יכול לומר משלים אלא משלי שלמה24 ובגמרא אמרו25 על רבי מאיר תלתא שמעתא ותלתא מתלי ואמרו משמת רבי מאיר26 בטלו מושלי משלים כו׳
Yet the root of the parable is very high and exalted, for not every person can speak parables, but only [such as] “the parables of Shlomo”; and in the Gemara they said of Rabbi Meir: “a third law, and a third parables”; and they said, “When Rabbi Meir died, the tellers of parables ceased,” etc.
Yet it takes the greatest minds to make parables. Shlomo HaMelech's "parables" are the model; Rabbi Meir divided his teaching into thirds, one of them parables; and when he died, the Mishnah says, "the tellers of parables ceased."
והיינו כי דוקא מי ששכלו שכל גבוה יכול לצמצם שכלו במשל שיהיה מכוון נגד הנמשל ממש
That is because specifically one whose intellect is a lofty intellect can contract his intellect into a parable that corresponds exactly to the thing it illustrates,
Only a very high intellect can compress its insight into an image that matches the idea exactly.
משא״כ מי שאין לו שכל גבוה כל כך די לו במה שיבין השכל כאשר הוא
whereas one whose intellect is not so lofty is satisfied with understanding the idea as it is,
A lesser mind is content to grasp the idea as it is,
אבל לא יוכל להסביר פנים במשל ואם יאמר משל לא יהי׳ המכוון כו׳ ועד״ז הוא בחי׳ החשמל שהוא לבוש לזו״נ כהתלבשות השכל במשל27
but he cannot bring it to light through a parable, and if he does tell a parable it will not correspond, etc. In the same way is the level of the Chashmal, which is a garment for Z'eir Anpin and Nukva, like the clothing of an idea in a parable.
but cannot bring it out through a fitting parable; if it tries, the parable will miss. The Chashmal is the same: a garment around the emotive attributes, just as a parable clothes an idea.
והיינו לפי שנמשך מהבינה שהיא למעלה מעלה מהמדות כו׳ רק אח״כ נעשה לבוש לזו״נ והוא למטה מהן כמו שהמשל הוא חיצוניות לגבי הנמשל ולבוש לבד
That is, because it is drawn from Binah, which is far above the emotive attributes, etc.; only afterwards does it become a garment for Z'eir Anpin and Nukva and is below them, just as the parable is the outer dimension relative to the thing illustrated, and merely a garment.
Because the Chashmal comes from Binah, it is rooted far above the emotions; only in its expression does it become their outer garment, lower than they, just as a parable is outward relative to its meaning.
והרי א״כ מובן שיש בבחי׳ החשמל הזה ב׳28 בחינות א׳ מצד שרשו שהוא גבוה מאד נעלה למעלה מן המדות
It is thus understood that in this level of the Chashmal there are two aspects. First, from the side of its root, it is very high and exalted, above the emotive attributes,
So the Chashmal has two aspects. The first is its root: high above the emotive attributes,
שהוא מבחי׳ הבינה והב׳ מצד התפשטותו בבחי׳ חיצוניות בבחי׳ צירופי אותיות שהאותיות הם מדרגה האחרונה שבכל הי״ס (ומה שמלביש החשמל לזו״נ היינו כמו אותיות שמלבישי׳ להמדות כו׳)
being from the level of Binah. And second, from the side of its spreading forth, it is in the outer dimension, in the form of letter-combinations, the letters being the last level in all the ten Sefiros (and the Chashmal's clothing Z'eir Anpin and Nukva is like the letters that clothe the attributes, etc.).
since it comes from Binah. The second is its expression: the outermost dimension, like "letters," which are the final level in every Sefirah. Its clothing of Z'eir Anpin and Nukva is like letters and words that clothe feelings.
This is the meaning of Chashmal: chash mal. Chash means silence; that is from the side of its first aspect, its root in Binah.
The word Chashmal itself divides into two: chash, "silence," and mal, "speech." Chash, silence, reflects its first aspect, its root in Binah.
כי סייג לחכמה שתיקה כי הוי״ה בחכמה ולכן החכמה היא בחי׳ ביטול וזהו השתיקה וע״ד שמשה רבע״ה הי׳ כבד פה33 כו׳.
For “a fence for wisdom is silence,” since Havayah is in Chochmah, and therefore Chochmah is the level of self-nullification, and that is the silence; and similarly Moshe our teacher, peace be upon him, was “heavy of mouth,” etc.
"A fence for wisdom is silence" (Avos): Chochmah is the seat of Havayah and is pure self-nullification, and silence is the expression of that nullification. Similarly Moshe, the greatest in wisdom, was "heavy of mouth."
ומל לשון דיבור והתגלות זהו מצד בחי׳ הב׳ שבו כשנעשה לבוש לזו״נ כמו האותיות שמלבישי׳ הנמשל ועי״ז יוכל להיות השפעה זהו פי׳ מל:
And mal means speech and revelation; that is from the side of its second aspect, when it becomes a garment for Z'eir Anpin and Nukva, like the letters that clothe the thing illustrated, and through this there can be a flow of influence. This is the meaning of mal.
Mal, "speech," is the second aspect: the Chashmal as a garment for Z'eir Anpin and Nukva, like letters clothing meaning. Through this clothing, influence can flow to the levels below.
The paragraph completes the sleep analogy and applies it to day and night in Malchus of Atzilus, then identifies the partition with the Chashmal, the outer garment of Binah that surrounds the emotive Sefiros and becomes the "shoe" between worlds. Through the image of a parable it explains how the Chashmal can be rooted above what it clothes, and reads its name as chash (silence, its root) and mal (speech, its expression).
The paragraph follows Etz Chaim, Sha'ar 41, where the Chashmal is the outer garment of Imma (Binah) protecting Z'eir Anpin and Nukva from the external forces, and its lower part is the "shoe" identical with the screen between Atzilus and Beriah. The two-sided nature of the Chashmal (lofty root, low expression) is a recurring Chassidic principle: whatever conceals must be rooted higher than what it conceals. The link of Chochmah with bittul (koach mah) and of Binah with the protective Chashmal parallels Tanya's treatment of Chochmah as the level that nothing can oppose.
Marei mekomos
- 1
On the words
בביאור הזהר פ׳ אחרי
How it connects
This is the "explanation of the Zohar on Parshas Acharei" the text refers to, where the drawing of the inner light of Eden from the first three Sefiros of Malchus is explained.our note
Where the note points
Biurei HaZohar, by the Mitteler Rebbeביאורי הזהר לאדמו״ר האמצעי77b, on "Tana Is'avras"
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Biurei HaZohar, by the Tzemach Tzedekביאורי הזהר לאדמו״ר הצמח צדקAcharei, p. 353 ff.
Our explanationThe Tzemach Tzedek's explanations of the same Zohar passage in Acharei, pointed to as further discussion.
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
לכ״ק אדה״א עז, ב תאנא אתעברת, וראה גם ביאורי הזהר לכ״ק אדמו״ר הצמח צדק פ׳ אחרי ע׳ שנג ואילך.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 2
On the words
ותתן טרף
How it connects
"She gives food to her household" is read as Malchus sustaining Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah at night with its outer flow only.our note
The source
Proverbs 31:15משלי ל״א:ט״וSefaria (opens in a new tab)14הָיְתָה כׇּאֳנִיּוֹת סוֹחֵר מִמֶּרְחָק תָּבִיא לַחְמָהּ: 15וַתָּקׇם בְּעוֹד לַיְלָה וַתִּתֵּן טֶרֶף לְבֵיתָהּ וְחֹק לְנַעֲרֹתֶיהָ: 16זָמְמָה שָׂדֶה וַתִּקָּחֵהוּ מִפְּרִי כַפֶּיהָ נָטְעָה כָּרֶם:
14She is like the merchant-ships; she bringeth her food from afar. 15She riseth also while it is yet night, and giveth food to her household, and a portion to her maidens. 16She considereth a field, and buyeth it; with the fruit of her hands she planteth a vineyard.
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
- 3
On the words
חסד אל כל היום
How it connects
"The kindness of G‑d is all day long." The Alter Rebbe uses it to link day with the prevailing of the Chasadim, which opens the gates of Eden to the inner flow.our note
The source
Psalms 52:3תהילים נ״ב:ג׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)2בְּבוֹא דּוֹאֵג הָאֲדֹמִי וַיַּגֵּד לְשָׁאוּל וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ בָּא דָוִד אֶל־בֵּית אֲחִימֶלֶךְ: 3מַה־תִּתְהַלֵּל בְּרָעָה הַגִּבּוֹר חֶסֶד אֵל כׇּל־הַיּוֹם: 4הַוּוֹת תַּחְשֹׁב לְשׁוֹנֶךָ כְּתַעַר מְלֻטָּשׁ עֹשֵׂה רְמִיָּה:
2… came and told Saul, and said unto him: 'David is come to the house of Ahimelech.' 3Why boastest thou thyself of evil, O mighty man? The mercy of God endureth continually. 4Thy tongue deviseth destruction; Like a sharp razor, working deceitfully.
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
- 4
On the words
כתנו׳ עור
How it connects
G‑d made garments of skin for Adam and Chavah. The Chashmal wraps the Sefiros of Z'eir Anpin and Nukva in the same way, as an outer protective garment.our note
The source
Genesis 3:21בראשית ג׳:כ״אSefaria (opens in a new tab)20וַיִּקְרָא הָאָדָם שֵׁם אִשְׁתּוֹ חַוָּה כִּי הִוא הָיְתָה אֵם כׇּל־חָי: 21וַיַּעַשׂ ה׳ אֱלֹקִים לְאָדָם וּלְאִשְׁתּוֹ כׇּתְנוֹת עוֹר וַיַּלְבִּשֵׁם: 22וַיֹּאמֶר ה׳ אֱלֹקִים הֵן הָאָדָם הָיָה כְּאַחַד מִמֶּנּוּ לָדַעַת טוֹב וָרָע וְעַתָּה פֶּן־יִשְׁלַח יָדוֹ וְלָקַח גַּם …
20And the man called his wife’s name Eve; because she was the mother of all living. 21And the LORD God made for Adam and for his wife garments of skins, and clothed them. 22And the LORD God said: ‘Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know …
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
- 5
On the words
ומלבישם מצדיהם . . הוא בחי׳ מנעל
How it connects
A later maamar that discusses the Chashmal clothing Z'eir Anpin and Nukva on their sides and becoming the "shoe" beneath them.our note
Where the note points
The Rebbe Rashab’s maamar “פתח אלי'” (5658)ד״ה פתח אלי׳ תרנ״חA maamar of the Rebbe Rashab, 5658
Find it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
עיין בד״ה פתח אלי׳ תרנ״ח ע׳ סט.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 6
On the words
ונעל הזה
How it connects
The note sends the reader to Or HaTorah for the subject of this partition, the "shoe" identified with the screen between Atzilus and Beriah.our note
Where the note points
Or HaTorah, by the Tzemach Tzedekאור התורהTetzaveh, p. 1710
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
ענין הפרסא זה ראה אוה״ת תצוה ע׳ א׳תשי.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 7
On the words
ובשער מ׳ פ״א
How it connects
Also cited by the Alter Rebbe for the screen between Atzilus and Beriah; in paragraph 5 he cites the same chapter for kelipas nogah as the "foreskin" covering Yesod.our note
The source
Sefer Etz Chaim 40:1עץ חיים מ׳:א׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
- 8
On the words
חשמל מחיצוניות הבינה
How it connects
There the Alter Rebbe explains that the garment of the Chashmal of Binah clothes Z'eir Anpin and Nukva so that the external forces cannot draw from them, and that only Binah can descend among the kelipos to refine the emotions.our note
Where the note points
Torah Ohrתורה אורbelow, 97c (Megillas Esther)
בחי׳ האור שלה מלובש מבחוץ כו׳. וע״ש שכל זה התקון הוא כדי לדחות החיצונים מזו״נ שהוא דוקא ע״י המשכת אור הבינה מבפנים ומבחוץ כו׳ והוא ענין לבוש החשמל דבינה שמלביש לזו״נ בשביל שלא יינקו מהן החיצונים הרי כל זה על ידי הבינה. ומזה יובן ענין סוס שמלמעלה למטה היינו שנמשך אפי׳ למטה במקום הקליפות לברר ולהפך המדות לפי שהוא דוקא יכול לדחות החיצונים כו׳ משא״כ המדות עצמן אין להם כח לירד כ״כ כי מהם יוכלו החיצונים לינק אם לא ע״י סוס שהוא המשכה דבינה המוליכן כ״כ למטה. ויובן זה עד״מ שאנו רואים ההפרש בין השכל למדות שהשכל יש בכחו לסבול דבר שהוא שונאו בתכלי׳ ולהיות מעיין ומתבונן בו כמו שמתבונן בדבר האהוב אצלו. ויוכל לציירו בדמיון מחשבתו אע״פ שישנא אותו בתכלית. והנה ההתבוננות באיזו דבר הוא המשכה מהשכל והתבונה
Our explanationHe illustrates it with the intellect's ability to contemplate even something it hates, which the emotions cannot do.
Open it on Sefaria (opens in a new tab)Torah Ohr, Megillas Esther, maamar 11לקמן צז, גpage 97c, ¶11
בירורים כל ששת ימי המעשה.
Open it on Sefaria (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
ראה לקמן צז, ג.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 9
On the words
בשם א״י
How it connects
Kehot’s marei makom for these words (its note is below).
Kehot’s note
=ספר ”אדם ישר”. אחד מספרי מהרח״ו בזמן אדה״ז והצ״צ היה בכתב יד. נדפס בשנת תרמ״ה בקראקא.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 10
On the words
בלקוטי הש״ס מהאריז״ל
How it connects
The note explains that the Arizal's Likkutei HaShas comment is on Tractate Chullin and is copied in Likkutei Torah, Acharei.our note
Where the note points
Likkutei Torahלקוטי תורהAcharei, 27d (where the Arizal's comment on Tractate Chullin is copied)
עשירי הוא יום כיפור נתקן בחי׳ התנשאות, ועל דבר הנ״ל נק׳ עליית המל׳ שהוא מ״ש לך ה׳ הממלכה בבחי׳ ביטול, לכן ביום הכפורים אסור באכילה ושתיה ונעילת הסנדל שהן הכל בחי׳ הלבשת היש ולהיות בבחי׳ ביטול ממש אליו ית׳, ועד״ז הן כל הכריעות והשתחוואות שביום כפור שנופלים על פניהם להיות בבחי׳ בטול. והנה יש ב׳ מיני גסות הרוח בחי׳ חיצוניות שיודע בעצמו ערכו השפל ואעפ״כ מחשב א״ע ליש ודבר בעיני הבריות, ויש בבחי׳ פנימיות שהוא בחי׳ עצמיות הגסות שדרכו ישר בעיניו והוא באמת חשוב גם בעיני עצמו. והנה על בחינה הא׳ נאמר כי ביום הזה יכפר עליכם לטהר אתכם עליכם דייקא. דהיינו מה שעליכם מבחוץ. ועל הבחינה הב׳ אמר מכל חטאתיכם דהיינו חטאת פנימיות שלכם לפני ה׳ תטהרו. פי׳ לפני ה׳ קודם בחי׳ הוי׳. כי התורה היא שמותיו של הקב״ה …
Our explanationThe passage there speaks of the ascent of Malchus through bittul on Yom Kippur, the setting of the "Go and diminish yourself" theme.
Open it on Sefaria (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
מס׳ חולין, נעתק בלקו״ת פ׳ אחרי כז, ד.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 11
How it connects
"For on this day He shall atone for you." The Alter Rebbe refers to his own discourse on this verse (in Likkutei Torah, Acharei) for further discussion.our note
The source
Leviticus 16:30ויקרא ט״ז:ל׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)29וְהָיְתָה לָכֶם לְחֻקַּת עוֹלָם בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי בֶּעָשׂוֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ תְּעַנּוּ אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם וְכׇל־מְלָאכָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ הָאֶזְרָח וְהַגֵּר הַגָּר בְּתוֹכְכֶם: 30כִּי־בַיּוֹם הַזֶּה יְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיכֶם לְטַהֵר אֶתְכֶם מִכֹּל חַטֹּאתֵיכֶם לִפְנֵי ה׳ תִּטְהָרוּ: 31שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן הִיא לָכֶם וְעִנִּיתֶם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם חֻקַּת עוֹלָם:
29… and shall do no manner of work, the home-born, or the stranger that sojourneth among you. 30For on this day shall atonement be made for you, to cleanse you; from all your sins shall ye be clean before the LORD. 31It is a sabbath of solemn rest unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls; it …
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
- 12
On the words
ע״פ כי ביום הזה יכפר
How it connects
This is the discourse on "For on this day He shall atone" that the text refers to.our note
Where the note points
Likkutei Torahלקוטי תורהAcharei, 27d
עשירי הוא יום כיפור נתקן בחי׳ התנשאות, ועל דבר הנ״ל נק׳ עליית המל׳ שהוא מ״ש לך ה׳ הממלכה בבחי׳ ביטול, לכן ביום הכפורים אסור באכילה ושתיה ונעילת הסנדל שהן הכל בחי׳ הלבשת היש ולהיות בבחי׳ ביטול ממש אליו ית׳, ועד״ז הן כל הכריעות והשתחוואות שביום כפור שנופלים על פניהם להיות בבחי׳ בטול. והנה יש ב׳ מיני גסות הרוח בחי׳ חיצוניות שיודע בעצמו ערכו השפל ואעפ״כ מחשב א״ע ליש ודבר בעיני הבריות, ויש בבחי׳ פנימיות שהוא בחי׳ עצמיות הגסות שדרכו ישר בעיניו והוא באמת חשוב גם בעיני עצמו. והנה על בחינה הא׳ נאמר כי ביום הזה יכפר עליכם לטהר אתכם עליכם דייקא. דהיינו מה שעליכם מבחוץ. ועל הבחינה הב׳ אמר מכל חטאתיכם דהיינו חטאת פנימיות שלכם לפני ה׳ תטהרו. פי׳ לפני ה׳ קודם בחי׳ הוי׳. כי התורה היא שמותיו של הקב״ה …
Our explanationIt explains Yom Kippur as the ascent of Malchus in self-nullification and distinguishes outer and inner pride, cleansed by "upon you" and "before G‑d."
Open it on Sefaria (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
לקו״ת אחרי כז, ד.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 13
On the words
ולהבין ענין חשמל
How it connects
One of several places the note lists for further discussion of the Chashmal.our note
Where the note points
Sefer HaMaamarim 5562ספר המאמרים תקס״בp. 253; vol. 2, p. 521
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Maamarei Admur HaEmtzaei, by the Mitteler Rebbeמאמרי אדמו״ר האמצעיVayikra, vol. 2, pp. 492, 751
Our explanationThe Mitteler Rebbe's discourses on the Chashmal, listed as parallel discussions.
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Or HaTorah, by the Tzemach Tzedekאור התורהBereshit vol. 3, 496b; Shemini p. 55; Va'eschanan pp. 214, 223; Tetzaveh p. 1639
Our explanationThe Tzemach Tzedek's discussions of the Chashmal in several places, listed as parallels.
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)The Rebbe Maharash’s maamar “Matzah Zu” (5640)ד״ה מצה זו תר״מA maamar of the Rebbe Maharash, 5640
Our explanationA later maamar that also treats the Chashmal, listed as a parallel.
Find it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Likkutei Torahלקוטי תורהShir HaShirim, 18c
ויובן עוד ענין לבוש שעם היות הלבוש מעלים ומסתיר להיות בחי׳ עולם מלשון העלם כו׳ הנה שרשו ממקום גבוה מאד וכענין שנתבאר במ״א בפ׳ לך לך בד״ה והבדילה הפרוכת גבי ולהבין ענין חשמל זה כו׳ וגם בד״ה ענין לך לך גבי וידבר שלשת אלפים משל כו׳ ועוד נת׳ זה במ״א בפי׳ השמים כסאי כי בחי׳ יחידה שאין לה כלי היינו כתר שסובב ומקיף מראשו ועד רגלו ומבדיל בין אצי׳ לבריאה ונעשה פרגוד ומסך. ור״ל ששרש הפרגוד והמסך שהוא הלבוש הנ״ל שרשו מבחי׳ יחידה וכתר. וזהו השמים כסאי כי שמים פי׳ גם כן מקיפים ומהם נמשך הכסא כס א׳ לבוש ומסך הנל ועמ״ש ע״פ ואברהם זקן בא בימים ועד״ז יובן ענין יפתי כו׳ וזהו יפיפית מבני אדם כו׳ שעל ידי קיום המצות עושה לבושים יפים למלך מלכי המלכים הקב״ה. א״כ כביכול …
Our explanationThere the Alter Rebbe mentions this very maamar ("in Parshas Lech Lecha, in the discourse 'And the curtain shall separate,' on 'To understand this Chashmal'") to show that a garment, though it conceals, is rooted very high; he traces the root of the curtain and screen to Yechidah and Keser.
Open it on Sefaria (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
בענין החשמל — ראה סה״מ תקס״ב ע׳ רנג. ובכרך ב ע׳ תקכא. מאמרי אדה״א ויקרא כרך ב ע׳ תצב. ע׳ תשנא. אוה״ת בראשית כרך ג תצו, ב. שמיני ע׳ נה. ואתחנן ע׳ ריד. וע׳ רכג. פ׳ תצוה ע׳ א׳תרלט. ד״ה מצה זו תר״מ סעי׳ מה. נזכר בלקו״ת שה״ש יח, ג.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 14
On the words
מבשרי אחזה
How it connects
"From my flesh I behold G‑d": the Chassidic principle that the structure of the human soul teaches about the Divine. Here the relationship of intellect to emotion explains the Chashmal.our note
The source
Job 19:26איוב י״ט:כ״וSefaria (opens in a new tab)25וַאֲנִי יָדַעְתִּי גֹּאֲלִי חָי וְאַחֲרוֹן עַל־עָפָר יָקוּם: 26וְאַחַר עוֹרִי נִקְּפוּ־זֹאת וּמִבְּשָׂרִי אֶחֱזֶה אֱלוֹהַּ: 27אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי אֶחֱזֶה־לִּי וְעֵינַי רָאוּ וְלֹא־זָר כָּלוּ כִלְיֹתַי בְּחֵקִי:
25… know that my Redeemer liveth, And that He will witness at the last upon the dust; 26And when after my skin this is destroyed, Then without my flesh shall I see God; 27Whom I, even I, shall see for myself, And mine eyes shall behold, and not another’s. …
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Kehot’s note
איוב יט, כו.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 15
On the words
לא כאברהם שיצא ממנו ישמעאל
How it connects
Kehot’s marei makom for these words (its note is below).
Kehot’s note
ספרי דברים לב, ט.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 16
On the words
לא כאברהם שיצא ממנו ישמעאל
How it connects
The Sifrei contrasts Yaakov, all of whose children were righteous, with Avraham, from whom Yishmael came forth. It shows that even holy emotions like Avraham's kindness can give a foothold to what is not holy.our note
The source
Sifrei Devarim 312:1–2ספרי דברים שי״ב:א׳-ב׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)… צְאוּ מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁלִּי, אִי אֶפְשִׁי שֶׁתִּהְיוּ בְתוֹכָהּ, תְּנוּ לִי חֶלְקִי שֶׁאֱהֵא מַכִּירוֹ. כָּךְ כְּשֶׁבָּא אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ לָעוֹלָם יָצְאָה מִמֶּנּוּ פְּסוֹלֶת, יִשְׁמָעֵאל וְכָל בְּנֵי קְטוּרָה. בָּא יִצְחָק לָעוֹלָם יָצְאָה מִמֶּנּוּ פְּסוֹלֶת, עֵשָׂו וְכָל אַלּוּפֵי אֱדוֹם. חָזְרוּ לִהְיוֹת רָעִים יוֹתֵר מִן הָרִאשׁוֹנִים. וּכְשֶׁבָּא יַעֲקֹב לֹא יָצְאָה מִמֶּנּוּ פְּסוֹלֶת, אֶלָּא נוֹלְדוּ כָּל בָּנָיו כְּשֵׁרִים, כָּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית כה כז): ״וְיַעֲקֹב אִישׁ תָּם יוֹשֵׁב אֹהָלִים״. מֵהֵיכָן הַמָּקוֹם מַכִּיר אֶת חֶלְקוֹ? מִיַּעֲקֹב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: כִּי חֵלֶק ה׳ עַמּוֹ יַעֲקֹב חֶבֶל …
(Devarim 32:9) "For the portion of the L-rd is His people": An analogy: A king had a field and gave it to tenant-farmers, who began to steal from it — upon which he gave it to their sons — who began to be worse than the first. When a son was born to him, he said to them: Get out of what is mine. You cannot remain there. Give me my portion so that I can recognize it. Similarly, when our father Abraham came to the world, there issued from him base matter — Ishmael and the sons of Keturah. When our father Isaac came to the world, there issued from him base matter — Esav and the chiefs of Edom, who became worse than the first. When Jacob came, no base matter issued from him, but all of his sons …
Hebrew: Vocalized Edition (CC-BY-NC) · English: Sifrei by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein (CC-BY) · via Sefaria
Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
- 17
On the words
וחו״ב הן תרין ריעין
How it connects
The Zohar calls Chochmah and Binah "two companions who never part." Because Binah is inseparable from Chochmah, its Chashmal can keep the external forces away.our note
The source
Zohar III, 4aזח״ג ד, אSefaria (opens in a new tab)Where the note points
Torah Ohrתורה אורabove, 10b (Noach)
שהם רצונו ית׳. וזהו לאשתאבא בגופא דמלכא הוא בחי׳ המצות וזהו שאנו אומרים בק״ש שמע ישראל הוי״ה אלקינו יחוד או״א תרין ריעין כו׳ ה׳ אחד יחוד זו״נ. בשכמל״ו יחודא תתאה וזהו הכל בחי׳ יחוד היינו כשנמשך למטה והיו לאחדים משא״כ מעשה המצות והיו הדברים האלה אשר אנכי מצוך היום. אנכי הוא בחי׳ כתר ע״י ודברת בם כי בחי׳ הדבור בתורה הוא ג״כ מ״ע. וזהו אם יתן איש את כל הון ביתו בחינת ג״ע העליון ותחתון בחי׳ חכמה טעמי התורה בוז יבוזו לו שהוא רק בחי׳ זיו והארה בלבד אבל באהבה ועמך לא חפצתי כו׳. שהוא אליו ולא למדותיו למהותו ועצמותו ית׳: וזהו אחות לנו קטנה. פי׳ כי עתה נקרא זה דודי כו׳ אבל כשמתעלה למעלה מעלה ע״י המצות במהותו ועצמותו נק׳ אחותי לשון ולא מאחין איחוי אלכסנדרי. שהיו לאחדים ממש …
And how can one draw down the level of His essence and being? It is through the mitzvos: for the 613 mitzvos of the Torah and the seven mitzvos of the Rabbis are 620 pillars of light, the numerical value of Keser (the Crown). For just as a pillar [extends] from above to below, so too the mitzvos are from the level of Gulgalta, the level of Keser, the intermediary between the Emanator and the emanated. For how can one draw down from His essence and being, blessed be He, below? It is through the mitzvos, “the 248 limbs of the King,” and as it is written, “And His right hand embraces me” — like the analogy of one who embraces a person out of love for his inner self, because he is exceedingly wise and the like; only he cannot grasp him except through the body and its limbs. So too, as it were, through the mitzvos, the 248 commandments, one can draw down His essence and being, for they are His will, blessed be He.
Our explanationThere "two companions" appears in the explanation of the Shema: "Hear O Israel, Havayah our G‑d" as the union of Abba and Imma (Chochmah and Binah), the "two companions."
Read it hereTorah Ohr, Noach, maamar 3לעיל י, בpage 10b, ¶20
לקבל פרס היינו עוה״ב ג״ע העליון וכו׳ כ״א ועמך למהותו ועצמותו ית׳ אליו ולא למדותיו.
not for the sake of receiving a reward, that is, the World to Come, the higher Gan Eden, etc., but rather “with You,” to His essence and being, blessed be He: to Him and not to His attributes.
Read it hereKehot’s note
ראה זח״ג ד, א. ראה לעיל י, ב.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 18
On the words
ימותו ולא בחכמה
How it connects
"They die, and not with wisdom." The Alter Rebbe uses the verse to show that the forces of death and impurity have no share in Chochmah.our note
The source
Job 4:21איוב ד׳:כ״אSefaria (opens in a new tab)20מִבֹּקֶר לָעֶרֶב יֻכַּתּוּ מִבְּלִי מֵשִׂים לָנֶצַח יֹאבֵדוּ: 21הֲלֹא־נִסַּע יִתְרָם בָּם יָמוּתוּ וְלֹא בְחׇכְמָה:
20Betwixt morning and evening they are shattered; They perish for ever without any regarding it. 21Is not their tent-cord plucked up within them? They die, and that without wisdom.’
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Kehot’s note
איוב ד, כא.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 19
On the words
ופי׳ ענין החשמל
How it connects
There the garment of the Chashmal is explained in terms of divine service: contemplation of G‑d's greatness that the heart cannot contain stays above the emotions as an encompassing guard, so that the person does not fall from his level into foreign desires.our note
Where the note points
Likkutei Torahלקוטי תורהEmor, 36c
גם בזלעו״ז יש לעומת בחי׳ פנימי זה מנגד וסותר לזה. אכן אהבה זו שלמעלה מהגבלה בכלי הוא בחי׳ שומר והוא ענין לבוש החשמל שמלביש לזו״נ משני צדדיהם בשביל שלא יינקו החיצונים. וביאור הענין בעבודה הוא כי הנה ענין המוחין שנכנסו בבחי׳ או״פ הוא השכל וההתבוננות שנמשך מזה אהבה ותשוקה במדות שבלב. וזה יוכל להיות נפסק שנפסק המדה ויוכל להיות התהוות והולדת מדות ורצונות זרים רק השמירה ע״ז שלא יפול ממדריגתו הוא ע״י מוחין עליונים יותר שלא נכנסו כלל במדות רק מקיף על המדות ושומרם שלא יהיה לו חפץ ורצון אחר בלתי לה׳ לבדו והיינו ע״י ההתבוננות בגדולת א״ס ב״ה בהשגת מוחו ובינתו מה שהלב קטן מהכיל התבוננות זו ולא נכנס בגילוי הלב כו׳. [ותוכן ענין זה מבואר במ״א ע״פ טוב לחסות בה׳ מבטוח באדם יעו״ש ועמ״ש מזה ג״כ בד״ה עיני …
Open it on Sefaria (opens in a new tab)Etz Chaimעץ חייםby Rabbi Chaim Vital, from the Arizal
The central work of the Arizal’s Kabbalah, in gates (she’arim).
Kehot’s note
ראה ע״ח שער מ״א פ״ג. לקו״ת אמור לו, ג.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 20
On the words
ופי׳ ענין החשמל
How it connects
The Kehot notes point to this chapter of Etz Chaim for the explanation of the Chashmal that clothes Z'eir Anpin and Nukva.our note
The source
Sefer Etz Chaim 41:3עץ חיים מ״א:ג׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)והנה ענין עור שהוא לבוש דז"א עצמו אפשר שגם בו יש בחי' ג' לבושין דמיון הכלים אך נלע"ד כי הנה הם ב' לבושים לבד א' הוא העור וא' הוא השערות בסוד אדרת שער. ובזה תבין איך הקליפות יונקים משערות ונקרא סערה על שמם וכנגדן יש ב' לבושים אחרים של מצות א' של תפלין בסוד עור וא' ציצית בסוד החוטין דמיון לשערות. אמנם אלו הם הלבושים של האדם בעוה,ב בסוד כי היא כסותה זה ציצית היא שמלתו לעורו חלק הפנימי של העור והם התפלין והענין כי ציצית ביצירה ותפלין הם יותר פנימי' בבריאה נמצא כי עור דיצירה נקרא טלית דציצית והעור דבריאה נקרא תפלין כי הם יותר קדושים והם במוח לבד כי כן הבריאה בחי' ראש אך היצירה סוד הגוף לכן הציצית סובבים כל הגוף וגם …
Hebrew: Sefer Etz Chaim (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
- 21
On the words
שו״ה שמלביש — שרשו גבוה מהן
How it connects
As quoted in the note, that maamar adds that although the Chashmal's root is higher, it itself is below Z'eir Anpin and Nukva and diminishes the light, so that the light passing through the screen bears no comparison to the light above it, like a "derivative light."our note
Where the note points
The Rebbe Maharash’s maamar “והי' ברכה” (5639)ד״ה והי׳ ברכה תרל״טA maamar of the Rebbe Maharash, 5639
Find it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
בד״ה והי׳ ברכה תרל״ט מציין על זה: והנה אם היות שרשו גבוה יותר עכ״ז הוא עצמו למטה מזו״נ וגורם המעטת האור, עד שהאור שעובר ונמשך דרך המסך אינו ערוך כלל לגבי האור שלמעלה מהמסך ע״ד כי שמש ומגן כו׳, וכנודע מענין אור של תולדה כו׳.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 22
On the words
שהרי הוא מהבינה
How it connects
The note refers to this reference work of Kabbalistic terms for the Chashmal as coming from Binah.our note
Where the note points
Kehot’s note
ראה מאו״א ח, יב.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 23
On the words
מ״מ שרש המשל הוא גבוה מאד
How it connects
The Tzemach Tzedek there cites this passage on the lofty root of the parable.our note
Where the note points
Or HaTorah, by the Tzemach Tzedekאור התורהYisro, p. 820
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
באוה״ת פ׳ יתרו ע׳ תתכ מציין לכאן.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 24
On the words
משלי שלמה
How it connects
"The parables of Shlomo son of David." Shlomo is the paradigm of the wise man who can clothe wisdom in parables.our note
The source
Proverbs 1:1משלי א׳:א׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)1מִשְׁלֵי שְׁלֹמֹה בֶן־דָּוִד מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל: 2לָדַעַת חׇכְמָה וּמוּסָר לְהָבִין אִמְרֵי בִינָה:
1The proverbs of Solomon the son of David, king of Israel; 2To know wisdom and instruction; To comprehend the words of understanding;
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
- 25
On the words
ובגמרא אמרו
How it connects
The Talmud reports that Rabbi Meir's lectures were a third law, a third aggadah and a third parables. It illustrates that parable-making belongs to great minds.our note
The source
Sanhedrin 38b:22סנהדרין ל״ח ב:כ״בSefaria (opens in a new tab)דְּאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: כִּי הֲוָה דָּרֵישׁ רַבִּי מֵאִיר בְּפִירְקֵיהּ, הֲוָה דָּרֵישׁ תִּילְתָּא שְׁמַעְתָּא, תִּילְתָּא אַגָּדְתָּא, תִּילְתָּא מַתְלֵי. וְאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: שָׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת מִשְׁלוֹת שׁוּעָלִים הָיוּ לוֹ לְרַבִּי מֵאִיר, וְאָנוּ אֵין לָנוּ אֶלָּא שָׁלֹשׁ.
Hebrew: William Davidson, Vocalized Aramaic (CC-BY-NC) · via Sefaria
Kehot’s note
סנהדרין לח, ב.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 26
On the words
ואמרו משמת רבי מאיר
How it connects
"When Rabbi Meir died, the tellers of parables ceased." Making true parables is a rare, lofty gift.our note
The source
Sotah 49a:15–16סוטה מ״ט א:ט״ו-ט״זSefaria (opens in a new tab)מִשֶּׁמֵּת רַבִּי מֵאִיר בָּטְלוּ מוֹשְׁלֵי מְשָׁלִים. מִשֶּׁמֵּת בֶּן עַזַּאי בָּטְלוּ הַשַּׁקְדָנִים. מִשֶּׁמֵּת בֶּן זוֹמָא בָּטְלוּ הַדַּרְשָׁנִים. מִשֶּׁמֵּת רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא בָּטַל כְּבוֹד הַתּוֹרָה. מִשֶּׁמֵּת רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן דּוֹסָא בָּטְלוּ אַנְשֵׁי מַעֲשֶׂה. מִשֶּׁמֵּת רַבִּי יוֹסֵי קְטֹנְתָּא פָּסְקוּ חֲסִידִים. וְלָמָּה נִקְרָא שְׁמוֹ ״קְטֹנְתָּא״ — שֶׁהָיָה קְטֹנְתָּא שֶׁל חֲסִידִים. מִשֶּׁמֵּת רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי בָּטַל זִיו הַחׇכְמָה. מִשֶּׁמֵּת רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל הַזָּקֵן בָּטַל כְּבוֹד הַתּוֹרָה, וּמֵתָה טׇהֳרָה וּפְרִישׁוּת. מִשֶּׁמֵּת רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בֶּן פִּאָבִי בָּטְלָה זִיו …
Hebrew: William Davidson, Vocalized Aramaic (CC-BY-NC) · via Sefaria
Kehot’s note
סוטה מט, א.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 27
On the words
כהתלבשות השכל במשל
How it connects
Quoted in the note: the Chashmal is like a parable, and elsewhere it is explained as like the letters of thought, from which the partition is made, which is like a parable, citing the Torah Ohr discourse "Patach Eliyahu." It shows that later discourses read the Chashmal both as a parable and as the letters of thought.our note
Where the note points
Sefer HaMaamarim 5669ספר המאמרים תרס״טp. 81
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
בסה״מ תרס״ט ע׳ פא כ׳ ”שהחשמל הוא כמו משל ובמ״א מבואר שהחשמל הוא כמו אותיות המח׳ ומזה נעשה הפרסא שזהו כמו משל כו׳ כמ״ש בתו״א ד״ה פתח אליהו” ע״ש.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 28
On the words
שיש בבחי׳ החשמל הזה ב׳ בחי׳
How it connects
A parallel discussion of the two aspects of the Chashmal, its lofty root and its outer expression.our note
Where the note points
Derech Mitzvosecha, by the Tzemach Tzedekדרך מצותיך7a
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
ראה גם דרך מצותיך ז, א.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 29
On the words
פי׳ חשמל
How it connects
The Kabbalistic lexicon section of the Pardes defines the term Chashmal; the note lists it with the Zohar and Etz Chaim as background to chash and mal.our note
The source
Zohar III, 223bזח״ג רכג, בSefaria (opens in a new tab)Where the note points
Pardes Rimonim, by Rabbi Moshe Cordoveroפרדס רמוניםSha'ar Erchei HaKinuyim, entry "Chashmal"
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Etz Chaimעץ חייםby Rabbi Chaim Vital, from the Arizal
The central work of the Arizal’s Kabbalah, in gates (she’arim).
Kehot’s note
זח״ג רכג, ב. וראה ע״ח שער מ״א פ״א. פרדס שער ערכי הכינויים ערך חשמל.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 30
On the words
חשמל חש מל
How it connects
The Kehot notes give this Zohar passage for the meaning of the word Chashmal. The Alter Rebbe interprets its two halves as the Chashmal's two aspects.our note
The source
Zohar, Pinchas 42:237–57:348ספר הזהר, פנחס מ״ב:רל״ז-נ״ז:שמ״חSefaria (opens in a new tab)Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
- 31
On the words
פי׳ חש לשון שתיקה
How it connects
The note points there for a question the Tzemach Tzedek raises from Etz Chaim (Sha'ar Kelipas Nogah, ch. 2) on this reading of chash as silence.our note
Where the note points
Or HaTorah, by the Tzemach Tzedekאור התורהMegillas Esther, "Vayehi Bimei Achashverosh," p. 1
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Pri Etz Chaimפרי עץ חייםby Rabbi Chaim Vital, from the Arizal
The Arizal’s kavanos for prayer and the mitzvos.
Kehot’s note
ראה אוה״ת למגילת אסתר ד״ה ויהי בימי אחשורוש ע׳ א, מה שהקשה בפע״ח [ע״ח] שער מ״ט שער ק״נ פ״ב ע״ש.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 32
On the words
שרשו מהבינה
How it connects
Or HaTorah quotes Etz Chaim 41:1 at length: the Chashmal is Binah's outer garment guarding Z'eir Anpin and Nukva on all sides, its part at their sides called garments and its part beneath their feet called shoes, the shoe being the screen between Atzilus and Beriah.our note
Where the note points
Or HaTorah, by the Tzemach Tzedekאור התורהBereshit 109a; Shemini p. 59
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
אוה״ת בראשית קט, א בשם הע״ח שער מ״א פ״א ”כי ענין החשמל שהוא לבוש החיצון של בינה, והבינה מלבשת את זו״נ במלבוש זה לשומרם מיניקת החיצונים. והנה החשמל הזה מלביש לזו״נ מכל צדיהם אפילו מתחת רגליהם ומה שהוא מצדם נק׳ מלבושי׳ ומה שהוא מתחת רגליהם נק׳ מנעלים. והנה נעל הזה הנז׳ הוא עצמו המסך המפסיק בין אצי׳ לבריאה עכ״ד”, עכ״ל שם וע״ש בארוכה. וראה גם באוה״ת פ׳ שמיני ע׳ נט.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 33
On the words
כבד פה
How it connects
Moshe tells G‑d that he is "heavy of mouth." The Alter Rebbe presents this as the silence that goes with Chochmah and bittul.our note
The source
Exodus 4:10שמות ד׳:י׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)9… וְלֹא יִשְׁמְעוּן לְקֹלֶךָ וְלָקַחְתָּ מִמֵּימֵי הַיְאֹר וְשָׁפַכְתָּ הַיַּבָּשָׁה וְהָיוּ הַמַּיִם אֲשֶׁר תִּקַּח מִן־הַיְאֹר וְהָיוּ לְדָם בַּיַּבָּשֶׁת: 10וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה אֶל־ה׳ בִּי אֲדֹ־נָי לֹא אִישׁ דְּבָרִים אָנֹכִי גַּם מִתְּמוֹל גַּם מִשִּׁלְשֹׁם גַּם מֵאָז דַּבֶּרְךָ אֶל־עַבְדֶּךָ כִּי כְבַד־פֶּה וּכְבַד לָשׁוֹן אָנֹכִי: 11וַיֹּאמֶר ה׳ אֵלָיו מִי שָׂם פֶּה לָאָדָם אוֹ מִי־יָשׂוּם אִלֵּם אוֹ חֵרֵשׁ אוֹ פִקֵּחַ אוֹ עִוֵּר …
9… the water which thou takest out of the river shall become blood upon the dry land.’ 10And Moses said unto the LORD: ‘Oh Lord, I am not a man of words, neither heretofore, nor since Thou hast spoken unto Thy servant; for I am slow of speech, and of a slow tongue.’ 11And the LORD said unto him: ‘Who hath made man’s mouth? or who maketh a man …
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
The silent angels and “something from nothing” ¶3–4
3והנה זהו בחשמל שבי״ס עצמן וכן במלאכים שיש כמה אלפים רבבות מדרגות כמ״ש היש מספר לגדודיו1 ויש מהם שהם מבחי׳ החשמל ע״י כלים דאצילות
Now, this is [so] of the Chashmal within the ten Sefiros themselves. And so also among the angels, who have many thousands of myriads of levels, as it is written, “Is there any number to His troops?” And some of them are from the level of the Chashmal, through the vessels of the World of Atzilus (Emanation).
Everything said so far concerns the Chashmal within the Sefiros themselves. But the same structure exists among the angels, who come in countless ranks ("Is there any number to His troops?"), and some of them are formed from the Chashmal, through the vessels of Atzilus.
(ור״ל שזה שנת״ל הוא ענין החשמל דבינה דאצילות המקיף לזו״נ דאצילות כנ״ל וכמו כן יש ג״כ בזו״נ דבי״ע ג״כ בחי׳ חשמל ומזה נמשך המסך2 שבין בריאה ליצירה ובין יצירה לעשיה.
(What is meant: what was explained above is the Chashmal of Binah (understanding) of Atzilus that surrounds Z'eir Anpin (the emotive attributes) and Nukva (the feminine / Malchus) of Atzilus, as above; and likewise in Z'eir Anpin and Nukva of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah there is also a level of Chashmal, and from it comes the screen between Beriah and Yetzirah and between Yetzirah and Asiyah.
A parenthetical clarification: the Chashmal described above belongs to Binah of Atzilus, surrounding Z'eir Anpin and Nukva of Atzilus. Each lower world has its own Chashmal around its own Z'eir Anpin and Nukva, and from these come the screens between Beriah and Yetzirah and between Yetzirah and Asiyah.
ושם יש ג״כ מלאכים שהם מבחי׳ חשמל וכידוע שמט״ט נק׳ נעל דשכינתא34 והרי נתבאר שהנעל זהו בחי׳ חשמל כו׳) וע״ז ארז״ל בשעה שהדבור יוצא מפי הקב״ה חשות.5
And there too there are angels from the level of the Chashmal; and as is known, Metatron is called “the shoe of the Shechinah (Divine Presence),” and it has been explained that the shoe is the level of the Chashmal, etc.) And about this our Sages said: “When the speech goes forth from the mouth of the Holy One, blessed be He, they are silent (chashos).”
In those lower worlds too there are angels formed from the Chashmal. Metatron, the chief angel, is called "the shoe of the Shechinah," and since the "shoe" has been shown to be the Chashmal, this fits. This is also the setting of the Talmud's teaching that "when the speech goes forth from the mouth of the Holy One, blessed be He, they (the Chashmal-angels) are silent."
פי׳ הקב״ה הוא ז״א כמו פי׳ קוב״ה ושכינתיה שכינתי׳ היינו מה ששוכן ומתלבש בתחתונים וקדוש הוא מובדל כך בחי׳ מלכות אין מלך בלא עם6 הוא בחי׳ השוכן ומתלבש בעם
The explanation: “the Holy One, blessed be He” is Z'eir Anpin, as in the explanation of “the Holy One, blessed be He, and His Shechinah.” “His Shechinah” is that which dwells and is clothed in the lower beings, while “Holy” means set apart. So the level of Malchus (sovereignty) — “there is no king without a people” — is the level that dwells and is clothed in the people,
To explain this teaching the Alter Rebbe defines its terms. "The Holy One, blessed be He" refers to Z'eir Anpin and "His Shechinah" to Malchus, as in the familiar formula of the two joined together. Shechinah means "dwelling": the level that rests within and is clothed in the created beings, just as a king needs a people to rule; "Holy" means set apart and beyond them.
משא״כ מדותיו ית׳ לך ה׳ הגדולה כו׳ אין להם ערך ויחס לעם וזהו בחי׳ קדוש.7
whereas His attributes, may He be blessed — “Yours, Havayah, is the greatness,” etc. — have no relation or proportion to the people, and that is the level of “Holy.”
G‑d's emotive attributes as they are in themselves, "Yours, Havayah, is the greatness" and so on, have no relation or proportion to created beings. That transcendence is what "Holy" means, and so "the Holy One, blessed be He" is Z'eir Anpin.
The paragraph extends the Chashmal from the Sefiros to each lower world and to the angels, and introduces the Talmud's saying that the Chashmal-angels fall silent when G‑d's speech goes forth. It defines "the Holy One, blessed be He" as Z'eir Anpin, set apart from the worlds, and the Shechinah as Malchus, which dwells in them.
The identification of Metatron as the "shoe of the Shechinah" follows Tikkunei Zohar and ties the angelic Chashmal to the "shoe" (the screen) between Atzilus and Beriah described in paragraph 2. The pairing "Kudsha brich Hu u'Shechintei" as Z'eir Anpin and Nukva, and "there is no king without a people" as the definition of Malchus, are standard in Chabad Chassidus.
Marei mekomos
- 1
On the words
היש מספר לגדודיו
How it connects
"Is there any number to His troops?" The verse attests to the countless ranks of angels, some of which, the Alter Rebbe says, derive from the Chashmal.our note
The source
Job 25:3איוב כ״ה:ג׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)2הַמְשֵׁל וָפַחַד עִמּוֹ עֹשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם בִּמְרוֹמָיו: 3הֲיֵשׁ מִסְפָּר לִגְדוּדָיו וְעַל־מִי לֹא־יָקוּם אוֹרֵהוּ: 4וּמַה־יִּצְדַּק אֱנוֹשׁ עִם־אֵל וּמַה־יִּזְכֶּה יְלוּד אִשָּׁה:
2Dominion and fear are with Him; He maketh peace in His high places. 3Is there any number of His armies? And upon whom doth not His light arise? 4How then can man be just with God? Or how can he be clean that is …
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Kehot’s note
איוב כה, ג.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 2
On the words
בחי׳ חשמל ומזה נמשך המסך
How it connects
The same statement appears there: the curtain and screen between Atzilus and Beriah derives from the Chashmal of Binah, citing Etz Chaim 41 and the Ramaz, who places the Chashmal in Tiferes of Imma.our note
Where the note points
Likkutei Torahלקוטי תורהShir HaShirim, 51a
נק׳ יחידה כו׳ ולכן כמו שמקיף על חב״ד דז״א מלמעלה עד״מ כך הוא מקיף ג״כ מתחת רגליו מלמטה ולכן ממנו נמשך ג״כ הפרגוד והמסך שבין אצילות לבריאה (וכמ״ש בע״ח שמ״א שהמסך הוא החשמל שנמשך מבחי׳ בינה ומבואר בהרמ״ז ס״פ יתרו) (בדף ע״ח) שסוד החשמל הוא בת״ת בין דאימא בין דז״א נמצא שהמסך הנ״ל נמשך מת״ת דאימא וזהו השמים ממש כסאי אלא שמ״מ מבואר שם בע״ח פ״א ואל תטעה לומר כי זהו האור המקיף כו׳ ע״ש דהמסך הוא החיצוניות דת״ת דאימא ואמנם היחידה והמקיף דז״א הוא עצמיות ת״ת דאימא ומ״מ המקיף עצמו הוא הגורם להיות בחי׳ כסא ומסך הנ״ל ולכן המסך הנ״ל נק׳ רקיע כנודע מענין יהי רקיע כו׳ ויהי מבדיל כו׳ ולכן נק׳ ג״כ ג״ע מתיבתא דרקיע לפי שהתענוג הנמשך בג״ע נמשך ע״י בחי׳ רקיע הנ״ל ועמ״ש מזה בד״ה קא …
Our explanationIt adds that the screen is the outer dimension of Tiferes of Imma and is called a "firmament."
Open it on Sefaria (opens in a new tab)Derech Mitzvosecha, by the Tzemach Tzedekדרך מצותיך7b
Our explanationThe note says the same idea, that the screens between the worlds come from the Chashmal, is found there.
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Glosses on the maamar "Patach Eliyahu," 5658הגהות לד״ה פתח אליהו תרנ״חnear the end
Our explanationAccording to the note, the glosses there leave open how this fits with the Pardes (Sha'ar Erchei HaKinuyim, "Paroches") and several Chassidic discourses, which say that the partition between Atzilus and Beriah is Malchus rather than the Chashmal of Binah.
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Biurei HaZohar, by the Tzemach Tzedekביאורי הזהר לאדמו״ר הצמח צדקChayei Sarah, pp. 75-76
Our explanationA further discussion of the source of the screen between the worlds, listed by the note.
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Likkutei Torah, Shir HaShirim, maamar 41בלקו״ת שה״ש נא, אpage 51a, ¶37
קיצור. כיון ע״ס שבנבראים אין ערוך כלל לגבי מהות ע״ס דאצילות איך אפשר שמע״ס דאצי׳ יומשך ויתגלה בג״ע לנשמות דבי״ע אך זהו ע״י הפרסא שבין אצי׳ לבריאה והיא הנק׳ כסאי]:
Open it on Sefaria (opens in a new tab)The Rebbe Rashab’s maamar “הגהות לפתח אלי'” (5658)ד״ה הגהות לפתח אלי׳ תרנ״חA maamar of the Rebbe Rashab, 5658
Find it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
וכ״ה בלקו״ת שה״ש נא, א. דרך מצותיך ז, ב. וראה בד״ה הגהות לפתח אלי׳ תרנ״ח קרוב לסופו שצ״ע למ״ש בפרדס בשעה״כ ערך פרוכת ובכמה דרושי דא״ח שהפרסא שבין אצילות לבריאה הוא בחי׳ מלכות, ע״ש. וראה ג״כ ביאורי הזהר לכ״ק אדמו״ר הצ״צ פ׳ חיי שרה ע׳ עה-עו.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 3
On the words
שמט״ט נק׳ נעל דשכינתא
How it connects
The note lists the Pardes for Metatron being called the "shoe" of the Shechinah.our note
Where the note points
Pardes Rimonim, by Rabbi Moshe Cordoveroפרדס רמוניםSha'ar ABYA, ch. 4
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehilas Yaakovקהלת יעקבentry "Metatron"
Our explanationA Kabbalistic lexicon; its entry on Metatron is listed for the title "shoe of the Shechinah."
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Likkutei Torahלקוטי תורהShir HaShirim, 43b ff.; and 44b on why he is called "shoe"
אלקית כי חלק וגו׳ שהנשמה הוא חלק הוי׳ ברא כרעא דאבוה ממש שאין שום מניעה מחמת הרגל ד״מ ולכל אשר יחפוץ הראש להושיט את הרגל אם במקום קר או במקום חם היא בטלה ועושה מחמת כי היא באחדות ממש עם הראש וכל החיות שלה בטל לשם. ככה ממש הנשמות חלק אלקים וכרעא דאבוה ויש בזה בכח כל נפש למס״נ ממש רק המניעה הוא מחמת נפש השכלית של בהמיות. אכן ע״י התבוננות בתפלה כנ״ל אז גם נפש השכלית תסכים ע״ז לאשתאבא בגופא דמלכא מי לי בשמים ועמך לא חפצתי בארץ ואדרבה אז נתעלה יותר א״ח עטרת בעלה כמבואר במ״א והלימוד שבכל יום עולה בתפלה של אותו היום ותפלה של כל השבוע עולה בתפלה של שבת לכן ע״י יונתי היינו בחי׳ הסתכלות ביקרא דמלכא נעשה תמתי תמימות ושלימות בכל הבחי׳ יחוד קוב״ה …
Our explanationThe note points to this discourse, which later (44b) explains why Metatron is called a "shoe." The passage opening at the reference speaks of the soul as a part of G‑d that yields to the "head" as the foot does, and of the "union of the Holy One, blessed be He, and His Shechinah."
Open it on Sefaria (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
ראה ת״ז תיקון כא (סא, א). פרדס שער אבי״ע פ״ד. קהלת יעקב ערך מט״ט. לקו״ת שה״ש מג, ב ואילך. וראה שם מד, ב למה נק׳ נעל.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 4
On the words
שמט״ט נק׳ נעל דשכינתא
How it connects
Tikkunei Zohar (Tikkun 21) calls Metatron the "shoe" of the Shechinah. Since the shoe is the Chashmal beneath Z'eir Anpin and Nukva, Metatron belongs to the Chashmal-angels.our note
The source
Tikkunei Zohar 61a:4–5תקוני הזהר ס״א א:ד׳-ה׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)ועוד שלף איש נעלו דא גופא דאיהי אתתא. כלי דיליה ודא מטטרו״ן. ונתן לרעהו דלזמנין אשתכח ביה עמודא דאמצעי׳ ולזמנין צדיק ולזמנין שכינתא עלאה. איהי תעודה ביה ולזמנין שכינתא תתאה היא תמורה ביה. ודא איהו גן נעול. וביה מעין חתום דאיהי שכינתא י׳ כלילא מעשר ספירן. י׳ מן *מיטטרו״ן
Hebrew: Constantinople, 1740 (CC-BY-NC) · via Sefaria
Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
- 5
On the words
בשעה שהדבור יוצא מפי הקב״ה חשות
How it connects
The Talmud interprets Chashmal as beings who are "at times silent, at times speaking": silent when the speech goes forth from the mouth of the Holy One, blessed be He, and speaking when it does not. The Alter Rebbe explains this in the next paragraph.our note
The source
Chagigah 13b:1חגיגה י״ג ב:א׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)חַיּוֹת אֵשׁ מְמַלְּלוֹת. בְּמַתְנִיתָא תָּנָא: עִתִּים חָשׁוֹת, עִתִּים מְמַלְּלוֹת. בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהַדִּיבּוּר יוֹצֵא מִפִּי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא — חָשׁוֹת, וּבְשָׁעָה שֶׁאֵין הַדִּיבּוּר יוֹצֵא מִפִּי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא — מְמַלְּלוֹת.
"Chayot (CHA) who are fire (SH) speaking (MAL)." In the Mishnayot, it is taught: "Sometimes, they are silent (CHASH); sometimes, they speak (MAL). At the time that words are coming from the mouth of the Holy One, Blessed be He, they are silent; and at the time that words are not coming from the mouth of the Holy One, Blessed be He, they speak."
Hebrew: William Davidson, Vocalized Aramaic (CC-BY-NC) · English: Sefaria Community Translation (CC0) · via Sefaria
Zohar III, 225aזח״ג רכה, אSefaria (opens in a new tab)Where the note points
Torah Ohrתורה אורbelow, 98d (Megillas Esther)
שע״י הדבור והגילוי מלמעלה פרחה נשמתן בבחינת בטול לאור א״ס ב״ה. (ועיין מ״ש כיוצא בזה בפרשת לך לך בפי׳ מארז״ל בשעה שהדבור
Our explanationThere the Alter Rebbe explains that through the speech and revelation from above the souls expired in self-nullification before the Infinite Light, and refers back to this passage in Lech Lecha on the Sages' saying about the Chashmal.
Open it on Sefaria (opens in a new tab)Torah Ohr, Megillas Esther, maamar 12לקמן צח, דpage 98d, ¶13
שמחמת חסרון שחסר בבחי׳ משל הקדמוני לא יוכל להשיג נועם ה׳ כו׳ שהוא הנמשל (וגם הקב״ה לא ישלים לו לבוש ומשל שחסר כיון שהיה אפשר לו לעסוק ולא עסק ועל זה נאמר כי דבר ה׳ בזה כו׳):
Open it on Sefaria (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
חגיגה יג, ב. זח״ג רכה, א. לקמן צח, ד מציין לכאן.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 6
On the words
אין מלך בלא עם
How it connects
The saying is sourced and developed there: the Name Elokim means rulership, "for there is no king without a people," and this level is called Shechinah because through it G‑d dwells and is clothed in created beings.our note
Where the note points
Torah Ohrתורה אורabove, 5a (Bereshit); below, 73d (Yisro)
תוקף ההארה והיינו ע״י גבורות וצמצומים ואז יכול להיות התהוות היש ונפרד וזהו פי׳ שם אלקים לשון שררה כי אין מלך בלא עם. ובחי׳ זו הוא הנק׳ ג״כ בשם שכינה כי שכינה הוא מלשון ושכנתי בתוכם שע״י מדה זו הוא מתלבש בנבראים משא״כ אם היה ההארה מתגלית כמו שהיא בעצמותה לא היו הנבראים יכולים להכיל אותה כלל וכנ״ל. והנה נז׳ בדרז״ל ענין גלות השכינה כמו שאמרו גלו לאדום שכינה עמהם גלו לבבל כו׳. וענין גלות זה הוא כך בהיות כי תכלית ירידת והמשכת אור אלקותו ית׳ שנמשך להתלבש בנבראים ולהחיותן ע״י צמצום דשם אלקים כנ״ל עד שיהיו מתהוים באופן שהם בחי׳ יש ונפרד. הוא בשביל שאח״כ יתבטל היש לאין ע״ד מ״ש וצבא השמים לך משתחוים שכל המלאכים צבא מעלה מיכאל וגבריאל כו׳ עם שהם בחי׳ יש ודבר אבל הם בטלים …
Therefore G‑d, blessed be He, made a shield and a sheath for the Name Havayah, and this is the level of the Name Elokim, which conceals and hides the intensity of the illumination, namely, through severities and contractions; and then the coming into being of the "something" and the separate can take place. And this is the meaning of the Name Elokim, an expression of rulership, for "there is no king without a people." And this level is also called by the name Shechinah, for Shechinah is from the expression "And I will dwell in their midst," for through this attribute He is vested in the creatures; whereas if the illumination were revealed as it is in its essence, the creatures could not contain it at all, as said above.
Our explanationThat is the same definition of Malchus used here.
Read it hereTorah Ohr, Bereishis, maamar 5לעיל ה, אpage 5a, ¶1
להיות מקור להתהוות העולמות כי הוי״ה מלשון התהוות כנודע. אך אם היה הארה זו מתגלית ונמשכת להיות חיות לנבראים כמו שהיא בעצמותה לא היו הנבראים כלל על אופן שהם עתה כי לא היה יכול להיות מציאות יש ונפרד כמו שהוא עתה מאחר שאור וחיות המהוה היה מאיר עליו בגילוי אלא היו בבחי׳ ביטול המציאות מכל וכל כמו שהוא קמי׳ ית׳ דכולא כלא חשיבי.
Meaning: Havayah is the revelation and drawing forth of the illumination to be the source for the coming into being of the worlds, for Havayah is from the expression "bringing into being," as is known.
Read it hereTorah Ohr, Yisro, maamar 10לקמן עג, דpage 73d, ¶3
חנוך מתושלח כו׳. ואברהם קיים כל התורה גם עד שלא ניתנה. כמ״ש וישמר משמרתי רק שהיה זה ברוחניות כו׳. ואיזו שינוי היה בנתינת התורה בגשמיות. אך הנה מעלת אברהם היתה הלוך ונסוע הנגבה שנעשה בחי׳ מרכבה לבחי׳ נגבה. ועד שנעשה מרכבה היה תמיד בבחי׳ הלוך ונסוע דהיינו בחינת רצוא ושוב (רק דגבי חיות המרכבה כתיב והחיות רצוא ושוב. ומדרגת אברהם היתה למעלה מהם נקרא בשם הלוך ונסוע) ומהו ענין רצוא …
Open it on Sefaria (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
נסמן לעיל ה, א. לקמן עג, ד.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 7
On the words
לך ה׳ הגדולה
How it connects
"Yours, Havayah, are the greatness, the might..." The verse lists G‑d's attributes (the Sefiros of Z'eir Anpin), which in themselves are beyond relation to created beings.our note
The source
I Chronicles 29:11דברי הימים א כ״ט:י״אSefaria (opens in a new tab)10וַיְבָרֶךְ דָּוִיד אֶת־ה׳ לְעֵינֵי כׇּל־הַקָּהָל וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִיד בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה׳ אֱלֹקֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אָבִינוּ מֵעוֹלָם וְעַד־עוֹלָם: 11לְךָ ה׳ הַגְּדֻלָּה וְהַגְּבוּרָה וְהַתִּפְאֶרֶת וְהַנֵּצַח וְהַהוֹד כִּי־כֹל בַּשָּׁמַיִם וּבָאָרֶץ לְךָ ה׳ הַמַּמְלָכָה וְהַמִּתְנַשֵּׂא לְכֹל לְרֹאשׁ: 12וְהָעֹשֶׁר וְהַכָּבוֹד מִלְּפָנֶיךָ וְאַתָּה מוֹשֵׁל בַּכֹּל וּבְיָדְךָ כֹּחַ וּגְבוּרָה וּבְיָדְךָ לְגַדֵּל וּלְחַזֵּק לַכֹּל:
10… said: ‘Blessed be Thou, O LORD, the God of Israel our father, for ever and ever. 11Thine, O LORD, is the greatness, and the power, and the glory, and the victory, and the majesty; for all that is in the heaven and in the earth is Thine; Thine is the kingdom, O LORD, and Thou art exalted as head above all. 12Both riches and honour come of Thee, and Thou rulest over all; and in Thy hand …
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
4והדבור שיוצא מפי הקב״ה הוא בחי׳ התגלות היינו מל מחשמל והוא כשזו״נ בוקעי׳ המסך ויורדי׳ ומתגלי׳ בעולם שלמטה
And the speech that goes forth from the mouth of the Holy One, blessed be He, is the level of revelation, that is, the mal of Chashmal. That is when Z'eir Anpin (the emotive attributes) and Nukva (the feminine / Malchus) break through the screen and descend and are revealed in the world below.
G‑d's "speech going forth" is revelation, the mal ("speech") side of the Chashmal. It happens when Z'eir Anpin and Nukva break through the screen and descend to be revealed in the world below.
ואזי הם המלאכים חשות1 שהם נכללים בביטול שנמשך מבחי׳ חכמה כנ״ל בענין סייג לחכמה שתיקה
Then the angels are silent (chashos), for they are included in the self-nullification (bittul) that is drawn from the level of Chochmah (wisdom), as explained above regarding “a fence for wisdom is silence.”
At that moment the Chashmal-angels fall silent: they are absorbed in the self-nullification that comes from Chochmah, the "silence" described above in "a fence for wisdom is silence." Overwhelmed by the revealed light, they cannot say anything.
משא״כ כשאין הדבור יוצא כו׳ שהוא בחי׳ הסתלקות אז הם ממללות שהם ברעש גדול ואומרי׳ ברוך כבוד2 כו׳.
Whereas when the speech does not go forth, etc., which is a state of withdrawal, then they speak (memallelos), for they are “with a great noise” and say, “Blessed be the glory,” etc.
When the speech does not go forth, when the Divine light is withdrawn, the angels speak. That is when they are "with a great noise" and cry out "Blessed be the glory of Havayah from His place": their loud praise belongs to the state in which the light is withdrawn.
זהו ענין החשמל שמקיף ומלביש לזו״נ מצדיהן שהוא בכדי שלא3 יהי׳ יניקת החיצונים. אך מתחת רגליהם הוא בחי׳ מה יפו פעמיך4 בנעלים בת נדיב הוא בחי׳ מלכות.
This is the Chashmal that surrounds and clothes Z'eir Anpin and Nukva on their sides, which is so that there be no drawing of nourishment by the external forces. But beneath their feet it is the level of “How beautiful are your steps in shoes, O daughter of the noble,” which is the level of Malchus (sovereignty).
This is the Chashmal around the sides of Z'eir Anpin and Nukva, which keeps the external forces away. Beneath their "feet" is the shoe, alluded to in "How beautiful are your steps in shoes, O daughter of the noble," which the Alter Rebbe identifies with Malchus.
נעל זה אינו לבד בשביל שלא יהי׳ יניקת החיצונים אלא הוא מפסיק5 שלא יהי׳ גילוי כל האור שבאצילות דאיהו וגרמוהי חד להיות כך בבריאה
This shoe is not only so that there be no drawing of nourishment by the external forces; rather, it separates, so that the full revelation of the light that is in the World of Atzilus (Emanation), where “He and His causes are one,” should not be so in Beriah,
The shoe has a second purpose besides protection. It keeps the full light of Atzilus, where G‑d and His Sefiros ("His causes") are completely one, from being revealed in Beriah in the same way.
אלא שיהי׳ בחי׳ בריאה יש והיינו ע״י שהמסך מפסיק בין אצי׳ לבריאה והאור שנמשך מאצי׳ ע״י המסך להחיות בריאה הוא אור של תולדה67
but that Beriah should be at the level of something (yesh). That is, through the screen separating between Atzilus and Beriah, the light that is drawn from Atzilus through the screen to give life to Beriah is a derivative light (or shel toldah).
Instead, Beriah is meant to exist as "something" (yesh), a being that feels itself separate. Because the screen stands between Atzilus and Beriah, the light that reaches Beriah to give it life is only a "derivative light," an offshoot of the light and not its essence.
ולכן נק׳ הבריאה יש מאין והגם דממך הכל89 כתיב10 וכולא קמיה כלא חשיבי עכ״ז נק׳ יש מאין מפני שהתהוות היש הוא מבחי׳ האור שנמשך ע״י הפרסא שהוא בחי׳ אין
Therefore Beriah is called “something from nothing” (yesh me-ayin). And although it is written, “For all is from You,” and “all before Him are considered as nothing,” nevertheless it is called something from nothing, because the coming into being of the something is from the level of the light drawn through the partition, which is the level of “nothing” (ayin),
That is why creation is called "something from nothing." One might object: everything comes from G‑d ("all is from You"), and everything is as nothing before Him, so why call the source "nothing"? The answer: created being comes from the light that passes through the partition, and that light counts as "nothing."
שהרי אין זה מהות ועצמות האור שלפני הפרסא אלא אור של תולדה שהוא בחי׳ אין לגבי עצם האור שלמעלה מהפרסא.
for it is not the essence and being of the light that is before the partition, but a derivative light, which is the level of “nothing” compared with the essence of the light above the partition.
It counts as "nothing" because it is not the essence of the light on the far side of the partition; compared with that essence, the derivative light is as nothing. So "from nothing" describes the source of creation relative to the true light, not relative to G‑d Himself.
(ועיין בזוהר ח״ב דע״ח ב׳ רזא דחשמל11 כו׳ ובזהר הרקיע12 שם ובהרמ״ז13 ובספר הדרת מלך14 סי׳ ל׳ וסי׳ נ״ה):
(And see the Zohar, volume 2, page 78b, “the secret of the Chashmal,” etc., and Zohar HaRakia there, and the Ramaz, and the book Hadras Melech, sections 30 and 55.)
The Alter Rebbe closes with references for further study: the Zohar's "secret of the Chashmal," the Arizal's commentary Zohar HaRakia on that passage, Rabbi Moshe Zacuto (the Ramaz), and the Zohar commentary Hadras Melech.
The paragraph explains the Talmud's saying: when G‑d's speech (revelation) goes forth the Chashmal-angels are silent in self-nullification, and when it is withheld they speak. It then shows that the "shoe" beneath Z'eir Anpin and Nukva does more than protect: by limiting the light that passes into Beriah to a "derivative light," it makes creation possible as "something from nothing."
The reading of yesh me-ayin here is precise: the "ayin" is not G‑d's essence but the derivative light that passes through the partition, which is "nothing" only relative to the light above it. This parallels Likkutei Torah, Re'eh (26d) and Iggeres HaKodesh 20, cited in the Kehot notes, which explain why creation is called "something from nothing" although "all is from You."
Marei mekomos
- 1
On the words
ואזי הם המלאכים חשות
How it connects
The note marks that this later discourse explains the matter the other way around, so the reader should compare the two treatments of when the angels are silent and when they speak.our note
Where the note points
The Rebbe Rashab’s maamar “בשעה שהקדימו” (5667)ד״ה בשעה שהקדימו תרס״זA maamar of the Rebbe Rashab, 5667
Find it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
ראה ד״ה בשעה שהקדימו תרס״ז (בהמשך תרס״ו ע׳ תנו) בהיפך.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 2
On the words
ברעש גדול ואומרי׳ ברוך כבוד
How it connects
Ezekiel heard behind him "a great noise: Blessed be the glory of Havayah from His place." The angels' loud praise belongs to the state of withdrawal, when the light is not revealed.our note
The source
Ezekiel 3:12יחזקאל ג׳:י״בSefaria (opens in a new tab)11וְלֵךְ בֹּא אֶל־הַגּוֹלָה אֶל־בְּנֵי עַמֶּךָ וְדִבַּרְתָּ אֲלֵיהֶם וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵיהֶם כֹּה אָמַר אֲדֹ־נָי ה׳ אִם־יִשְׁמְעוּ וְאִם־יֶחְדָּלוּ: 12וַתִּשָּׂאֵנִי רוּחַ וָאֶשְׁמַע אַחֲרַי קוֹל רַעַשׁ גָּדוֹל בָּרוּךְ כְּבוֹד־ה׳ מִמְּקוֹמוֹ: 13וְקוֹל כַּנְפֵי הַחַיּוֹת מַשִּׁיקוֹת אִשָּׁה אֶל־אֲחוֹתָהּ וְקוֹל הָאוֹפַנִּים לְעֻמָּתָם וְקוֹל רַעַשׁ גָּדוֹל:
11… tell them: Thus saith the Lord GOD; whether they will hear, or whether they will forbear.’ 12Then a spirit lifted me up, and I heard behind me the voice of a great rushing: ‘Blessed be the glory of the LORD from His place’; 13also the noise of the wings of the living creatures as they touched one another, and …
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
- 3
On the words
בכדי שלא יהי׳ יניקת החיצונים
How it connects
The note says there is a gloss there on this passage about the Chashmal protecting from the external forces.our note
Where the note points
Biurei HaZohar, by the Tzemach Tzedekביאורי הזהר לאדמו״ר הצמח צדקvol. 2, p. 772
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
בביאה״ז להצ״צ כרך ב ע׳ תשעב יש הערה לכאן.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 4
On the words
מה יפו פעמיך
How it connects
"How beautiful are your steps in shoes, O daughter of the noble." The "shoes" allude to the Chashmal beneath the feet of Z'eir Anpin and Nukva, and the "daughter" to Malchus.our note
The source
Song of Songs 7:2שיר השירים ז׳:ב׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)1שׁוּבִי שׁוּבִי הַשּׁוּלַמִּית שׁוּבִי שׁוּבִי וְנֶחֱזֶה־בָּךְ מַה־תֶּחֱזוּ בַּשּׁוּלַמִּית כִּמְחֹלַת הַמַּחֲנָיִם: 2מַה־יָּפוּ פְעָמַיִךְ בַּנְּעָלִים בַּת־נָדִיב חַמּוּקֵי יְרֵכַיִךְ כְּמוֹ חֲלָאִים מַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵי אׇמָּן: 3שׇׁרְרֵךְ אַגַּן הַסַּהַר אַל־יֶחְסַר הַמָּזֶג בִּטְנֵךְ עֲרֵמַת חִטִּים סוּגָה בַּשּׁוֹשַׁנִּים:
1… thee. What will ye see in the Shulammite? As it were a dance of two companies. 2How beautiful are thy steps in sandals, O prince’s daughter! The roundings of thy thighs are like the links of a chain, The work of the hands of a skilled workman. 3Thy navel is like a round goblet, wherein no mingled wine is wanting; Thy belly is …
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Kehot’s note
שה״ש ז, ב.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 5
On the words
נעל . . אלא הוא מפסיק
How it connects
Kehot’s note points to where this is explained further: Pri Etz Chaim.
Where the note points
Pri Etz Chaimפרי עץ חייםby Rabbi Chaim Vital, from the Arizal
The Arizal’s kavanos for prayer and the mitzvos.
Kehot’s note
פע״ח שער א׳ פ״ג.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 6
On the words
אור של תולדה
How it connects
The note lists this later work for further discussion of "derivative light."our note
Where the note points
The series of maamarim "Hemshech 5672"המשך תער״בvol. 3, p. 1393
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Etz Chaimעץ חייםby Rabbi Chaim Vital, from the Arizal
The central work of the Arizal’s Kabbalah, in gates (she’arim).
Kehot’s note
ע״ח שער מ״א שער דרושי אבי״ע פא. וראה המשך תער״ב כרך ג ע׳ א׳שצג.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 7
On the words
אור של תולדה
How it connects
The Kehot notes point to Etz Chaim, Sha'ar 41 (Drushei ABYA) for the term "derivative light," the light that passes through the screen to Beriah.our note
The source
Sefer Etz Chaim 41:2עץ חיים מ״א:ב׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)… כנודע ואז החיצונית מבחי' הפנים חשמ"ל הנ"ל אינם יכולים לינק כי הם אור גדול ונכהים עיניהם בסוד לא יתיצבו הוללים לנגד עיניך אמנם מן האחוריים דחשמ"ל יכולין לינק לכן המוחין הנמשכים אל הנוקבא הם נמשכין ע"י ז"א עצמו אל האחור כדי שעי"ז תלך אל הנקבה לאחור ויהיה אב"א בכותל העור הנקרא גויל כנזכר וז"ס שנה ראשונה ב"ב השותפין שבנו את הכותל בגויל בגזית ובכפיסין ואז הקלי' מן הפנים אינם יכולין לינק גם מהאחוריים אע"פ שהיו יכולין לינק מהם עכ"ז כיון שהם דבוקים א' בא' יגשו ורוח לא יבא ביניהם כי אין להם מקום לינק רק דבר מועט מאד די חיותם מבחי' נקבי העור כל שהוא אך לא הרבה שיגברו על הקדושה ח"ו ונמצא כי להיות אלו המוחין גבורות והם …
Hebrew: Sefer Etz Chaim (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
- 8
On the words
ממך הכל
How it connects
Kehot’s marei makom for these words (its note is below).
Kehot’s note
דברי-הימים-א כט, יד.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 9
On the words
דממך הכל
How it connects
"For all is from You." David's words raise the question why creation is called "something from nothing" when everything comes from G‑d.our note
The source
I Chronicles 29:14דברי הימים א כ״ט:י״דSefaria (opens in a new tab)13וְעַתָּה אֱלֹקֵינוּ מוֹדִים אֲנַחְנוּ לָךְ וּמְהַלְלִים לְשֵׁם תִּפְאַרְתֶּךָ: 14וְכִי מִי אֲנִי וּמִי עַמִּי כִּי־נַעְצֹר כֹּחַ לְהִתְנַדֵּב כָּזֹאת כִּי־מִמְּךָ הַכֹּל וּמִיָּדְךָ נָתַנּוּ לָךְ: 15כִּי־גֵרִים אֲנַחְנוּ לְפָנֶיךָ וְתוֹשָׁבִים כְּכׇל־אֲבֹתֵינוּ כַּצֵּל יָמֵינוּ עַל־הָאָרֶץ וְאֵין מִקְוֶה:
13Now therefore, our God, we thank Thee, and praise Thy glorious name. 14But who am I, and what is my people, that we should be able to offer so willingly after this sort? for all things come of Thee, and of Thine own have we given Thee. 15For we are strangers before Thee, and sojourners, as all our fathers were: our days on …
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
- 10
On the words
ולכן נק׳ הבריאה יש מאין והגם דממך הכל כתיב
How it connects
There the same question is asked: why is creation called "something from nothing" when "all is from You"? The answer given is that G‑d's essence is not related to creation as a source to its effect ("He commanded and they were created"), so the created is not drawn from His essence.our note
Where the note points
Likkutei Torahלקוטי תורהRe'eh, 26d; also 19c
כלי ומשכן להשראת אור א״ס ב״ה שבה ועל ידה מתגלה אור א״ס בנאצלים וגם בבי״ע כו׳. ובזה יובן מה שנודע שהבריאה היא יש מאין ולכאורה אינו מובן דהא ממך הכל כתיב וכמ״ש הרמב״ם מאמיתות המצאו נמצא כל הברואים כו׳ ולמה נק׳ הבריאה בשם יש מאין. אך עם הנ״ל יובן כי הנה עצמיות אור א״ס אינו בגדר שיקרא שמו על ההשפעה וההתהוות כמו משפיע לההשפעה שלכך נאמר כי הוא צוה ונבראו. פי׳ כי הוא עצמותו ומהתותו יתברך צוה ונבראו שלא שייך עליו יתברך לומר שברא את העולמות. כי לשון ברא משמע שיש כח הפועל בנפעל דהיינו שכח המשפיע ממש נמשך ומלובש בההשפעה. אבל בא״ס ב״ה אינו כן שאינו נוגע אליו כלל והוא רק כאלו צוה ונבראו ממילא שאין להם ערך ויחוס אליו כלל. ועד״ז יובן מ״ש בזהר בראשית בתחלתו (דף א׳ …
Open it on Sefaria (opens in a new tab)TanyaתניאIggeres HaKodesh, section 20, and the Likkut Perushim on it
איהו וחיוהי חד, איהו וגרמוהי חד בהון. (פירוש, עשר ספירות דאצילות; חיוהי הן האורות, ו״גרמוהי״ הן הכלים, שכולן אלקות, מה שאין כן בבריאה יצירה עשיה כו׳). וצריך להבין היטב, איך ה״אין סוף״ חד עם ״גרמוהי״ הן הכלים, הרי הכלים הן בבחינת גבול ותכלית, כמו שכתוב בעץ חיים. אמנם, הכוונה היא, לומר שהן אלקות לברוא יש מאין כמו ה״אין סוף״, ולא בבחינת השתלשלות עילה ועלול לבד. ומה שכתב הרמ״ק ענין השתלשלות עילה ועלול, וכן הוא בזוהר הקדוש פרשת בראשית, היינו, בהשתלשלות הספירות בספירות עצמן (בבחינת הכלים), שנקראות ״בלי מה״ בספר יצירה, שאינן בבחינת יש ומהות מושג, וכמו ה״אין סוף״ דלית מחשבה תפיסא ביה כלל, וכמו שכתוב: ״ופני לא יראו״. ונבואת משה רבינו עליו השלום והשגתו, היתה מפרק עליון דנצח ד״זעיר אנפין״. ובהשתלשלות העלול הוא מוקף מהעילה, ובטל במציאות אצלו כזיו השמש …
Our explanationIggeres HaKodesh 20 treats at length how created being comes "from nothing," and the note points to it and to the collected commentaries on it for a fuller account of this question.
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Likkutei Torah, Re’eh, maamar 7לקו״ת פ׳ ראה כו, דpage 26d, ¶2
דאצילות. והמלאכים הם מבחי׳ חיצונית הכלים (ועמ״ש מענין מלאכים ונשמות בד״ה מזמור שיר חנוכת הבית) ולהבין ענין הכלים מה ענינם הנה מבשרי אחזה. כי האדם יש בו גוף ונשמה והנשמה היא המחיה אתהגוף והגוף הוא כלי ומשכן לנשמה המתלבשת בתוך הגוף שהשכל מתלבש במוח וכח הראיה בעין וכח השמיעה באזן כו׳. ועד״ז בכל האברים שהאברים הם בבחי׳ כלים ומשכן להשראת אור הנשמה השורה ומתלבש בתוכם להיות בהם ועל ידם גילוי …
Open it on Sefaria (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
ראה לקו״ת פ׳ ראה כו, ד. שם יט, ג. ובאגה״ק סי׳ כ ובליקוט פי׳ שם בארוכה.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 11
On the words
בזוהר ח״ב דע״ח ב׳ רזא דחשמל
How it connects
The Zohar's passage on "the secret of the Chashmal," to which the Alter Rebbe refers for further study.our note
The source
Zohar, Yitro 13:235–14:246ספר הזהר, יתרו י״ג:רל״ה-י״ד:רמ״וSefaria (opens in a new tab)Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
- 12
On the words
ובזהר הרקיע
How it connects
Kehot’s marei makom for these words (its note is below).
Kehot’s note
להאריז״ל.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 13
On the words
ובהרמ״ז
How it connects
As the note quotes, it cites the Ramaz at the end of Yisro (78b) that the secret of the Chashmal is in Tiferes, whether of Imma or of Z'eir Anpin.our note
Where the note points
Likkutei Torahלקוטי תורהShir HaShirim, 51a
קיצור. כיון ע״ס שבנבראים אין ערוך כלל לגבי מהות ע״ס דאצילות איך אפשר שמע״ס דאצי׳ יומשך ויתגלה בג״ע לנשמות דבי״ע אך זהו ע״י הפרסא שבין אצי׳ לבריאה והיא הנק׳ כסאי]: ג והנה בחי׳ כסא הנ״ל נמשך מבחי׳ שמים פי׳ שמים הוא תפארת דאימא שת״ת נק׳ שמים שכלול מאש ומים שהם חו״ג וגם שמים הם מקיפים והיינו תפארת דאימא שנעשה כתר לז״א אשר בחי׳ כתר הוא יחידה שהוא בחי׳ מקיפ והמקיף דיחידה הוא מקיף הראש והרגל בהשוואה אחת כמ״ש בע״ח שער העקודים פ״ה בהג״ה ממה״ק שלכן נק׳ יחידה כו׳ ולכן כמו שמקיף על חב״ד דז״א מלמעלה עד״מ כך הוא מקיף ג״כ מתחת רגליו מלמטה ולכן ממנו נמשך ג״כ הפרגוד והמסך שבין אצילות לבריאה (וכמ״ש בע״ח שמ״א שהמסך הוא החשמל שנמשך מבחי׳ בינה ומבואר בהרמ״ז ס״פ יתרו) (בדף ע״ח) שסוד החשמל הוא …
Our explanationThe passage there explains how the ten Sefiros of Atzilus can shine in the Garden of Eden only through the partition, called "My throne."
Open it on Sefaria (opens in a new tab)Or HaTorah, by the Tzemach Tzedekאור התורהBereshit vol. 3, 479a; Vayishlach vol. 2, 243a
Our explanationThe note says the same citation of the Ramaz on the Chashmal in Tiferes appears in these places.
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Etz Chaimעץ חייםby Rabbi Chaim Vital, from the Arizal
The central work of the Arizal’s Kabbalah, in gates (she’arim).
Kehot’s note
פ׳ יתרו. ראה לקו״ת שה״ש נא, א ”ומבואר בהרמ״ז ס״פ יתרו (בדף ע״ח) שסוד החשמל הוא בת״ת בין דאימא בין דז״א”. וכ״ה באוה״ת בראשית כרך ג תעט, א. וראה שם בפ׳ וישלח כרך ב רמג, א.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 14
On the words
ובספר הדרת מלך
How it connects
The note identifies the book as Rabbi Shalom Buzaglo's explanations on the Zohar and the Idras (Amsterdam, 5526), where the Chashmal passage of the Zohar is discussed.our note
Where the note points
Hadras Melech, by Rabbi Shalom Buzagloהדרת מלךsections 30 and 55
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
להרב שלום בוזאגלו, באורים על הזהר והאדרות, אמסטרדם תקכ״ו.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
Shabbos, weekdays and kelipas nogah ¶5
Now, on Shabbos the light of the World of Atzilus (Emanation) shines below through being clothed in the World of Beriah (Creation) alone, and there is only one screen.
Now the structure of screens is applied to time. On Shabbos the light of Atzilus reaches below clothed only in Beriah, so it passes through just one screen, the one between Atzilus and Beriah.
משא״כ בימות החול יש הפרש בין א״י לח״ל שבא״י ההנהגה ע״י יצירה ובח״ל ע״י עשייה.2 והנה כל זה עדיין בבחי׳ קדושה וצבא השמים לך משתחוים3 שגם היש בטל
Whereas on the weekdays there is a difference between the Land of Israel and outside the Land: in the Land of Israel the [Divine] conduct is through the World of Yetzirah (Formation), and outside the Land through the World of Asiyah (Action). Now, all this is still in the realm of holiness, and “the host of heaven bows to You,” for even the something (yesh) is nullified.
On weekdays it passes through more screens, and place matters too: in the Land of Israel G‑d's conduct of the world comes through Yetzirah, outside it through Asiyah, a lower world. Yet all these worlds are still holy; even their sense of being "something" is surrendered to G‑d, as "the host of heaven bows to You."
(ולכן פרכת ופרסות הנ״ל הם בחי׳ פרכת המבדילות בין קדש לקדש שהרי הפרסא המבדיל בין ע״ס דיצירה לע״ס דעשייה הרי גם ע״ס דעשייה הוא קודש)
(Therefore the curtains and partitions mentioned above are the level of curtains that separate between holy and holy; for as to the partition that separates between the ten Sefiros of Yetzirah and the ten Sefiros of Asiyah, the ten Sefiros of Asiyah too are holy.)
So the curtains and partitions discussed until now separate holy from holy, like the Temple curtain between the Holy and the Holy of Holies. Even the ten Sefiros of Asiyah, the lowest world, are holy.
אך מעשייה ולמטה יש עוד מסך ופרסא הוא ק״נ והוא בחי׳ ערלה החופפת על הברית
But from Asiyah downward there is another screen and partition, which is kelipas nogah (the “glowing” husk), and it is the level of the foreskin (orlah) that covers the covenant.
Below Asiyah, however, there is another kind of screen: kelipas nogah, the "glowing husk," a realm that is neither holy nor impure and can be turned either way. It is compared to the foreskin (orlah) that covers the covenant.
(כמ״ש בע״ח ש״מ פ״א ונק׳ ק״נ כו׳ והיא הערלה המכסה על היסוד) והוא הבדלה בין קדש לחול
(As written in Etz Chaim, Sha'ar 40, chapter 1: it is called kelipas nogah, etc., and it is the foreskin that covers Yesod (foundation).) And it is the separation between holy and profane (chol).
The Arizal's Etz Chaim calls it kelipas nogah and describes it as the foreskin covering Yesod. This screen separates not holy from holy but holy from profane (chol), the ordinary and mundane.
(ואפשר שהפרסא4 הוא בין ע״ס דעשייה לק״נ וא״כ אפשר הוא ג״כ בחי׳ חשמל המפסיק בין ע״ס דעשייה לנוגה.
(And it may be that the partition is between the ten Sefiros of Asiyah and kelipas nogah; if so, it may also be the level of a Chashmal that separates between the ten Sefiros of Asiyah and nogah.
The Alter Rebbe suggests that the partition between the Sefiros of Asiyah and kelipas nogah may itself be a kind of Chashmal, dividing holiness from nogah. (One manuscript introduces this remark with "and in another manuscript I found.")
גם במ״א בפ׳ ואתחנן ע״פ שמע56 כו׳ נתב׳ ג״כ שההבדלה הוא ע״י בחי׳ חשמל וגם במ״א נת׳ ענין בחי׳ עטופים שהוא ממוצע בין קדושה לק״נ כו׳)
Also, elsewhere, in Parshas Va'eschanan, on the verse “Hear [O Israel],” etc., it is likewise explained that the separation is through the level of the Chashmal; and also elsewhere the matter of the level of the atufim is explained, which is intermediate between holiness and kelipas nogah, etc.)
He supports this with his discourse on the Shema in Parshas Va'eschanan, which also explains that the separation comes through the Chashmal, and with another discussion of the atufim (the "feeble" flock of Genesis 30), a level between holiness and kelipas nogah.
וזהו ענין אשר ברא7 אלהים לעשות8 לתקן ותורמסין צריכין תקון כו׳ כי האדם נברא בצלמנו כדמותנו9 ויש לו מסך זה
This is the meaning of “which G‑d created to make” — to rectify; and “lupines need rectifying,” etc. For man was created “in Our image, after Our likeness,” and he has this screen,
This explains the verse "which G‑d created to make": creation was left for man to "make," to complete and repair, just as the Midrash says lupines must be sweetened before they are edible. Man, created "in Our image," contains this screen of nogah within himself.
וצריך לתקן להיות החול בחי׳ חולין שנעשו על טהרת הקדש10 והיינו ע״י שנכללים בקדושת השבת
and he must rectify [it], so that the profane become the level of “profane things prepared in the purity of holiness”; and that is through their being included in the holiness of Shabbos.
His task is to repair it, so that the mundane becomes "profane things prepared in the purity of holiness," like ordinary food handled with the strictness of sacred food. This happens by bringing the weekdays into the holiness of Shabbos.
כי שבת הוא קודש שאז מאיר אור האצילות ע״י הבריאה בלי מסך שבין בריאה ליצירה ובין יצירה לעשייה וכ״ש שק״נ אינו מפסיק אז11 שמאיר שלא על ידו כו׳
For Shabbos is holy: then the light of Atzilus shines through Beriah without the screen between Beriah and Yetzirah and between Yetzirah and Asiyah, and all the more so kelipas nogah does not separate then, for [the light] shines not through it, etc.
Shabbos is holy because on it Atzilus shines through Beriah alone, without the screens between Beriah and Yetzirah and between Yetzirah and Asiyah. All the more so kelipas nogah does not intervene, for the light does not pass through it at all.
ולכן האדם הוא מובדל ממלאכת החול שאינו עוסק בדברים גשמיים אלא שבת להוי״ה אלהיך12 בבחינת ביטול הגם שהוא ביטול דבריאה בחינת יש מי שבטל כו׳
Therefore a person is set apart from weekday work, for he does not occupy himself with physical things; rather, “a Shabbos to Havayah your G‑d,” in a state of self-nullification (bittul) — although it is the self-nullification of Beriah, the level of a something that is nullified, etc.
That is why a Jew stops weekday work on Shabbos and does not deal with physical matters: the day is "a Shabbos to Havayah your G‑d," a state of self-nullification. It is still only the nullification of Beriah, a created "something" that yields itself, not the complete oneness of Atzilus.
משא״כ בימות החול שהתהוותו13 ע״י יצירה ועשייה שם יש קליפת נוגה החופפת אך ע״י שמברר בששת ימי החול בירורי נוגה יגיע כפיך14
Whereas on the weekdays, whose coming into being is through Yetzirah and Asiyah, there kelipas nogah hovers over them. But by refining, during the six weekdays, the refinements of nogah — “the labor of your hands,
On weekdays, whose existence comes through Yetzirah and Asiyah, kelipas nogah hovers over life. But a person refines ("clarifies," birurim) the nogah during the six days through "the labor of your hands,"
כי תאכל שעוסק באמונה לשם שמים ומתפלל ולומד בכח זה עי״ז נעשי׳ החולין עטה״ק וע״ז אומרים במו״ש ברוך המבדיל בין קודש לחול כי להיות15 הבדלה ופרסא הוא ממקום גבוה ונעלה כנ״ל בענין חשמל כו׳
when you eat [it]”: he deals faithfully, for the sake of Heaven, and prays and studies with this strength — through this the profane things become prepared in the purity of holiness. And about this we say at the departure of Shabbos, “Blessed [is He] who separates between holy and profane”: for the existence of a separation and partition is from a high and exalted place, as explained above regarding the Chashmal, etc.,
working honestly and for the sake of Heaven, and then praying and studying with the strength that work gives him. In this way the mundane is lifted into holiness. That is why at the close of Shabbos we bless "Who separates between holy and profane": the separation itself comes from a very high place, like the Chashmal.
וברוך ונמשך משם להיות מאיר דרך הפרסא כ״א לא היה הפרסא לא היה שום התהוות חדוש יש מאין ולא היה תקון חולין שנעשו עטה״ק
and [it is] “blessed” and drawn from there so as to shine through the partition. For if there were no partition, there would be no coming into being of something new from nothing, and no rectification of profane things prepared in the purity of holiness
The word "Blessed" (baruch) is read as "drawn down": light is drawn from that high source to shine through the partition. Without the partition there could be no new creation of something from nothing, and no rectification of the mundane.
(רק קדש לבד וכוונת הבריאה דירה בתחתונים הוא שיהי׳ יש ונפרד בחי׳ חול רק שיהי׳ אח״כ ביטול היש טהרת הקודש)
(only holiness alone; and the intent of creation, a dwelling place among the lower realms, is that there be a separate something (yesh), the level of the profane, only that afterwards there be the nullification of the something, the purity of holiness).
Without the partition there would be only holiness. But the purpose of creation, that G‑d have "a dwelling place among the lower realms," requires a separate "something," the profane, which is afterwards nullified and becomes the purity of holiness.
והנה בהתגלות האור דרך הפרסא עדיין הוא קדושה עד סוף העשייה ששם מקום הנוגה וזהו מצות מילה מל י״ה שהוא מל מחשמל דבינה שהוא מבחי׳ י״ה
Now, in the revelation of the light through the partition, it is still holiness, until the end of Asiyah, where the place of nogah is. And this is the mitzvah of circumcision (milah): mal Yud-Hei, which is the mal of the Chashmal of Binah (understanding), which is from the level of Yud-Hei,
As long as the light passes through the partitions it remains holy, down to the end of Asiyah, where nogah begins. Circumcision (milah) addresses exactly this point: the word milah is read as mal plus Yud-Hei, the mal (the "speech" side) of the Chashmal of Binah, which belongs to the Divine Name made of Yud (Chochmah) and Hei (Binah).
כי חו״ב הן תרין ריעין דהיינו שכשמסירים הערלה שהיא ק״נ אז נשאר רק חשמל דבינה שהוא הלבוש שצ״ל כמבואר למעלה בכדי שיהי׳ התהוות בי״ע כו׳ אבל הערלה שהיא ק״נ צריך להסיר.
for Chochmah (wisdom) and Binah are “two companions.” That is, when the foreskin, which is kelipas nogah, is removed, then there remains only the Chashmal of Binah, which is the garment that must exist, as explained above, so that Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah can come into being, etc.; but the foreskin, which is kelipas nogah, must be removed.
Chochmah and Binah are inseparable "companions," so the Chashmal of Binah is holy. When the foreskin, kelipas nogah, is removed, only the Chashmal of Binah remains: the necessary garment that makes the existence of Beriah, Yetzirah and Asiyah possible. The foreskin, however, must be removed.
ומתחילה הוצרך להיות כך כדי שיהי׳ יניקה לק״נ וממנה לקליפות הטמאות שק״נ היא המפרדת בין הקדושה ובין כל קליפות טמאות ממש אבל אח״כ העבודה לברר ק״נ ולהפכה לקדושה כו׳ :
At first it had to be so, so that kelipas nogah could draw nourishment, and from it the impure kelipos, for kelipas nogah is what separates between holiness and all the truly impure kelipos; but afterwards the service is to refine kelipas nogah and turn it into holiness, etc.
At first the foreskin had to exist, so that kelipas nogah, and through it the impure kelipos, could receive their minimal life-force; nogah is the buffer between holiness and outright impurity. But the purpose of man's service is to refine nogah and turn it into holiness.
The paragraph applies the partitions to time and place: on Shabbos Atzilus shines through one screen only, on weekdays through more. Beneath all the holy partitions lies kelipas nogah, the "foreskin" dividing holy from profane, and man's work (refining the weekdays through honest labor, and circumcision itself) removes that covering so that only the holy Chashmal of Binah remains.
The paragraph ties together Havdalah ("Who separates between holy and profane"), the principle of "a dwelling place among the lower realms," and circumcision. The partition is both a concealment and a blessing: it is what makes "something from nothing" and a mundane world possible, and so gives man the task of refining nogah. The reading of milah as mal Yud-Hei links circumcision back to the chash/mal analysis of the Chashmal in paragraph 2.
Marei mekomos
- 1
On the words
בשבת מאיר אור האצילות
How it connects
The note lists the Siddur for the idea that on Shabbos the light of Atzilus shines below through Beriah alone.our note
Where the note points
Siddur with Chassidusסידור עם דא״ח149a
Our explanationThe note also cites Pri Etz Chaim, Sha'ar Mikra'ei Kodesh, ch. 3, as the Arizal's source.
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Maamarei Admur HaEmtzaei, Kuntreisim, by the Mitteler Rebbeמאמרי אדמו״ר האמצעי — קונטרסיםthe discourse "Lehavin mah she-kasuv b'Pri Etz Chaim," p. 533 ff.
Our explanationThe Mitteler Rebbe's discourse explaining the passage in Pri Etz Chaim about the light of Atzilus on Shabbos, listed as a parallel.
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Pri Etz Chaimפרי עץ חייםby Rabbi Chaim Vital, from the Arizal
The Arizal’s kavanos for prayer and the mitzvos.
Kehot’s note
ראה פע״ח שער מקראי קודש פ״ג. ראה גם סידור קמט, א. מאמרי אדה״א — קונטרסים ד״ה להבין מ״ש בפע״ח ע׳ תקלג ואילך.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 2
On the words
ובח״ל ע״י עשייה
How it connects
the page is on Sefaria, but its text shares nothing with the note (unconfirmed)our note
Where the note points
Likkutei Torahלקוטי תורהMasei, 89b · not yet checked
Our explanationThe note points to the discourse on the journeys (Masei) for the difference between the Land of Israel and outside it. The passage near the reference speaks of the forty-two journeys as leaving the "Egypt" of limitation and refining the seven attributes.
Open it on Sefaria (opens in a new tab)Sefer HaMaamarim 5703ספר המאמרים תש״גthe maamar "Tuv Ta'am," p. 38
Our explanationA later maamar listed for the difference between the Land of Israel (Yetzirah) and outside it (Asiyah).
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
ראה לקו״ת פ׳ מסעי פט, ב. ספר המאמרים תש״ג בד״ה טוב טעם ע׳ לח.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 3
On the words
וצבא השמים לך משתחוים
How it connects
"And the host of heaven bows to You." Even the created "something" of the holy worlds bows in self-nullification before G‑d.our note
The source
Nehemiah 9:6נחמיה ט׳:ו׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)5… שֵׁרֵבְיָה הוֹדִיָּה שְׁבַנְיָה פְתַחְיָה קוּמוּ בָּרְכוּ אֶת־ה׳ אֱלֹקֵיכֶם מִן־הָעוֹלָם עַד־הָעוֹלָם וִיבָרְכוּ שֵׁם כְּבֹדֶךָ וּמְרוֹמַם עַל־כׇּל־בְּרָכָה וּתְהִלָּה: 6אַתָּה־הוּא ה׳ לְבַדֶּךָ אַתָּה עָשִׂיתָ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַיִם שְׁמֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם וְכׇל־צְבָאָם הָאָרֶץ וְכׇל־אֲשֶׁר עָלֶיהָ הַיַּמִּים וְכׇל־אֲשֶׁר בָּהֶם וְאַתָּה מְחַיֶּה אֶת־כֻּלָּם וּצְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם לְךָ מִשְׁתַּחֲוִים: 7אַתָּה־הוּא ה׳ הָאֱלֹקִים אֲשֶׁר בָּחַרְתָּ בְּאַבְרָם וְהוֹצֵאתוֹ מֵאוּר כַּשְׂדִּים וְשַׂמְתָּ שְּׁמוֹ אַבְרָהָם:
5… let them say: Blessed be Thy glorious Name, that is exalted above all blessing and praise. 6Thou art the LORD, even Thou alone; Thou hast made heaven, the heaven of heavens, with all their host, the earth and all things that are thereon, the seas and all that is in them, and Thou preservest them all; and the host of heaven worshippeth Thee. 7Thou art the LORD the God, who didst choose Abram, and broughtest him forth out of …
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
- 4
On the words
ואפשר שהפרסא
How it connects
In this manuscript the remark is introduced with "and in another manuscript I found that the partition...", showing that the suggestion about a Chashmal between Asiyah and nogah came from a second manuscript source.our note
Where the note points
Kehot’s note
בבוך באב׳ 17 קכט, א: ובכתב אחר מצאתי שהפרסא.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 5
On the words
במ״א בפ׳ ואתחנן ע״פ שמע ישראל
How it connects
This is the discourse on "Hear O Israel" the text refers to.our note
Where the note points
Likkutei Torahלקוטי תורהVa'eschanan, 11b
נח (דף ע״ד א׳) ע״פ והבית בהבנותו ובפ׳ וישלח (דף קע״ב) ועמ״ש בד״ה וכל בניך גבי א״ת בניך אלא בוניך: שמע ישראל הוי׳ אלקינו הוי׳ אחד ואהבת כו׳. וצריך להבין למה הזכיר ב׳ פעמים הוי׳. ועוד להמ הפסיקו אכנה״ג בין אחד לואהבת בבשכמל״ו. וגם צריך להבין פי׳ שמע שהוא לשון אסיפה מלשון וישמע שאול את העם וגם לשון הבנה והנה ואהבת הוא לשון ציווי וגם לשון עתיד פי׳ שאומר הכתוב שכשיעמיק בדעתו ויבין שהוי׳ אחד יבוא לבחי׳ ואהבת לשון עתיד בכל לבבך בשני יצריך. שאפילו היצה״ר הוא נכנע ובטל לגבי אהבת ה׳. והנה כל אחד ואחד אומר ב׳ פעמים בכל יום קריאת שמע שחרית וערבית ואעפ״כ אינם מגיעים לבחי׳ ואהבת. אך הענין הוא כי הנה כתיב ראה נתתי לפניך היום את החיים וכו׳ ובחרת בחיים לאהבה את הוי׳ אלקיך בכל …
Our explanationIt asks why Havayah is repeated, why "Blessed be the name" interrupts, and how one comes to "You shall love," and it is where the separation through the Chashmal is discussed.
Open it on Sefaria (opens in a new tab)Sefer HaMaamarim 5562 (transcript of the Mitteler Rebbe)ספר המאמרים תקס״בp. 244, and the explanation there, p. 252 ff.
Our explanationThe Mitteler Rebbe's transcript of the same Shema discourse, with its explanation, listed as parallel versions.
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Or HaTorah, by the Tzemach Tzedekאור התורהVayikra, p. 52
Our explanationA further place the note lists for the separation through the Chashmal.
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
לקו״ת ואתחנן יא, ב והנחת כ״ק אדה״א בסה״מ תקס״ב ע׳ רמד ובהביאור שם ע׳ רנב ואילך. ובאוה״ת ויקרא ע׳ נב.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 6
On the words
ע״פ שמע
How it connects
The Shema. The Alter Rebbe refers to his discourse on this verse in Parshas Va'eschanan, where the separation through the Chashmal is also explained.our note
The source
Deuteronomy 6:4דברים ו׳:ד׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)3… אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לְךָ וַאֲשֶׁר תִּרְבּוּן מְאֹד כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר ה׳ אֱלֹקֵי אֲבֹתֶיךָ לָךְ אֶרֶץ זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָשׁ: 4שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל Havayah אֱלֹקֵינוּ Havayah אֶחָד: 5וְאָהַבְתָּ אֵת ה׳ אֱלֹקֶיךָ בְּכׇל־לְבָבְךָ וּבְכׇל־נַפְשְׁךָ וּבְכׇל־מְאֹדֶךָ:
3… LORD, the God of thy fathers, hath promised unto thee—a land flowing with milk and honey. 4HEAR, O ISRAEL: THE LORD OUR GOD, THE LORD IS ONE. 5And thou shalt love the LORD thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy …
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
- 7
On the words
אשר ברא אלקים לעשות
How it connects
In the previous maamar the verse is explained as the reason for circumcision: "which G‑d created to make," to rectify, because man was not created complete and must perfect himself.our note
Where the note points
Torah Ohrתורה אורabove, 12a (Lech Lecha)
הנ״ל לטובתינו: ולא יקרא עוד שמך אברם והיה שמך אברהם כי אב המון גוים וכו׳. הענין כי הטעם למילה דכתיב אשר ברא אלקים לעשות לתקן שעדיין צריך תקון ע״י האדם כי הגם שכבר ברא אלקים את האדם לא בראו בשלימות וכדאיתא במדרש רבה (פ׳
Now, it is known that every morning [the quality] of Avraham, the level of Chesed (kindness), is aroused in the world, [as it is written,] “And Avraham rose early in the morning,” and as is taught in the holy Zohar; and the Holy One, blessed be He, wishes to conduct the world with the level of kindness. [But] were there no shield for the aforementioned level of kindness, to contract His kindness and goodness and to give by way of tzimtzum (contraction) just as much as is needed merely to give life to the kelipos (the husks), since they are needed for the sake of the side of holiness, so that there be a transformation of darkness into light, as is known; and were it not by way of tzimtzum, their life-force would be without limit, and it would not be possible to eradicate the evil from the land. Therefore every morning, when the attribute of Avraham, the attribute of kindness, is aroused, as said above, we must recite the blessing “Shield of Avraham”: a shield, meaning that He make a shield for the aforementioned level of Avraham, for our good.
Our explanationThis maamar builds on that explanation.
Read it hereTorah Ohr, Lech Lecha, maamar 1לעיל יב, אpage 12a, ¶22
לכן אמר לו ישמעאל יחיה לפניך כי אחרי שנקרא אברהם בה״א שעי״ז המשיך התגלות בבחי׳ מל׳ ונתנה לו המילה הי׳ יכול להעלות נצוצות כנר בפני אבוקה שיהיו נכללי׳ בבחי׳ מל׳ כו׳ וכמ״ש ואת הנפש אשר עשו וכו׳. גם שרי היתה נקראת מקודם ביו״ד מורה על צמצום ואח״כ כשהיתה צריכה להוליד את יצחק היתה נק׳ בה״א בהרחבה להורות על המשכה והתגלות. וזהו ויקרא שם אברם בשם ה׳. ויקרא היינו המשכה מא״ב …
“And Avram pitched his tent as far as the place of Shechem” — [Shechem meaning] shoulders: the Chesed and Gevurah of Nukva; “and Elon Moreh” — the Tiferes of Nukva. For all the drawings-down and revelation, Avraham would draw down to Malchus from the hidden intellect. Therefore he said to Him, “May Yishmael live before You!”
Read it hereKehot’s note
נסמן לעיל יב, א.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 8
On the words
אשר ברא אלהים לעשות
How it connects
"Which G‑d created to make": creation was left to be completed. The Alter Rebbe reads "to make" as "to rectify," the work given to man, as he explained in the previous maamar.our note
The source
Genesis 2:3בראשית ב׳:ג׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)2וַיְכַל אֱלֹקִים בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה וַיִּשְׁבֹּת בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי מִכׇּל־מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה: 3וַיְבָרֶךְ אֱלֹקִים אֶת־יוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וַיְקַדֵּשׁ אֹתוֹ כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת מִכׇּל־מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר־בָּרָא אֱלֹקִים לַעֲשׂוֹת: 4אֵלֶּה תוֹלְדוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם וְהָאָרֶץ בְּהִבָּרְאָם בְּיוֹם עֲשׂוֹת ה׳ אֱלֹקִים אֶרֶץ וְשָׁמָיִם:
2… made; and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had made. 3And God blessed the seventh day, and hallowed it; because that in it He rested from all His work which God in creating had made. 4These are the generations of the heaven and of the earth when they were created, in …
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
- 9
On the words
בצלמנו כדמותנו
How it connects
Man was made "in Our image, after Our likeness," as a microcosm; so he too carries the screen of nogah and is charged with repairing it.our note
The source
Genesis 1:26בראשית א׳:כ״וSefaria (opens in a new tab)25וַיַּעַשׂ אֱלֹקִים אֶת־חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ לְמִינָהּ וְאֶת־הַבְּהֵמָה לְמִינָהּ וְאֵת כׇּל־רֶמֶשׂ הָאֲדָמָה לְמִינֵהוּ וַיַּרְא אֱלֹקִים כִּי־טוֹב: 26וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹקִים נַעֲשֶׂה אָדָם בְּצַלְמֵנוּ כִּדְמוּתֵנוּ וְיִרְדּוּ בִדְגַת הַיָּם וּבְעוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם וּבַבְּהֵמָה וּבְכׇל־הָאָרֶץ וּבְכׇל־הָרֶמֶשׂ הָרֹמֵשׂ עַל־הָאָרֶץ: 27וַיִּבְרָא אֱלֹקִים אֶת־הָאָדָם בְּצַלְמוֹ בְּצֶלֶם אֱלֹקִים בָּרָא אֹתוֹ זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה בָּרָא אֹתָם:
25… thing that creepeth upon the ground after its kind; and God saw that it was good. 26And God said: ‘Let us make man in our image, after our likeness; and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.’ 27And God created man in His own image, in the image of God created He him; …
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
- 10
On the words
וצריך — חולין שנעשו על טהרת הקודש
How it connects
The Talmud speaks of those who ate ordinary food "prepared in the purity of holiness." The Alter Rebbe uses the phrase for mundane life elevated to holiness.our note
The source
Chagigah 19b:4–6חגיגה י״ט ב:ד׳-ו׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)אֲתָאן לְרַבִּי מֵאִיר, דְּאָמַר: חוּלִּין וּמַעֲשֵׂר כַּהֲדָדֵי נִינְהוּ, רֵישָׁא רַבָּנַן וְסֵיפָא רַבִּי מֵאִיר?! אִין, רֵישָׁא רַבָּנַן וְסֵיפָא רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַב אַחָא בַּר אַדָּא מַתְנֵי לַהּ בְּסֵיפָא חָמֵשׁ מַעֲלוֹת, וּמוֹקֵי לַהּ כּוּלָּהּ כְּרַבָּנַן. אָמַר רַב מָרִי: שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ חוּלִּין שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ עַל טׇהֳרַת הַקּוֹדֶשׁ — כְּקוֹדֶשׁ דָּמוּ. מִמַּאי —
Hebrew: William Davidson, Vocalized Aramaic (CC-BY-NC) · via Sefaria
Where the note points
Siddur with Chassidusסידור עם דא״ח145d ff.
Our explanationThe note lists the Siddur for the idea of making the mundane into "profane things prepared in the purity of holiness."
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Derech Mitzvosecha, by the Tzemach Tzedekדרך מצותיךMitzvas Milah, 8a
Our explanationThe Tzemach Tzedek's discussion of circumcision, which also uses this idea; it parallels the end of this maamar.
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
חגיגה יט, ב. ראה סידור קמה, ד ואילך. דרך מצותיך מצות מילה ח, א.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 11
On the words
שו״ה לעשייה — וכ״ש שק״נ אינו מפסיק אז
How it connects
The manuscript reads "and all the more so the screen between Asiyah and kelipas nogah does not separate then," specifying that it is the screen between Asiyah and nogah that does not intervene on Shabbos.our note
Where the note points
Kehot’s note
בבוך באב׳ 17 שם: ומכ״ש שהמסך שבין עשי׳ לק״נ אינו מפסיק אז.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 12
On the words
שבת להוי״ה אלהיך
How it connects
"The seventh day is a Shabbos to Havayah your G‑d." Shabbos is devoted to G‑d in self-nullification, set apart from weekday work.our note
The source
Exodus 20:10שמות כ׳:י׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)9שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים תַּעֲבֹד וְעָשִׂיתָ כׇּֿל־מְלַאכְתֶּךָ: 10וְיוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי שַׁבָּת לַה׳ אֱלֹקֶיךָ לֹא־תַעֲשֶׂה כׇל־מְלָאכָה אַתָּה וּבִנְךָ͏־וּבִתֶּךָ עַבְדְּךָ וַאֲמָתְךָ וּבְהֶמְתֶּךָ וְגֵרְךָ אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ: 11כִּי שֵׁשֶׁת־יָמִים עָשָׂה ה׳ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַיִם וְאֶת־הָאָרֶץ אֶת־הַיָּם וְאֶת־כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּם וַיָּנַח בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי עַל־כֵּן בֵּרַךְ ה׳ אֶת־יוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת וַיְקַדְּשֵׁהוּ:
9Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work; 10but the seventh day is a sabbath unto the LORD thy God, in it thou shalt not do any manner of work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates; 11for in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in …
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
- 13
On the words
שהתהוותו
How it connects
The manuscript reads "whose coming into being" in the plural (she-hishtahavusan), referring to the weekdays; the meaning is the same.our note
Where the note points
Kehot’s note
בבוך 17 שם: שהתהוותן.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 14
On the words
יגיע כפיך
How it connects
"When you eat the labor of your hands, you are fortunate." Honest work, done for the sake of Heaven, is the way nogah is refined during the six weekdays.our note
The source
Psalms 128:2תהילים קכ״ח:ב׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)1שִׁיר הַמַּעֲלוֹת אַשְׁרֵי כׇּל־יְרֵא ה׳ הַהֹלֵךְ בִּדְרָכָיו: 2יְגִיעַ כַּפֶּיךָ כִּי תֹאכֵל אַשְׁרֶיךָ וְטוֹב לָךְ: 3אֶשְׁתְּךָ כְּגֶפֶן פֹּרִיָּה בְּיַרְכְּתֵי בֵיתֶךָ בָּנֶיךָ כִּשְׁתִלֵי זֵיתִים סָבִיב לְשֻׁלְחָנֶךָ:
1A Song of Ascents. Happy is every one that feareth the LORD, That walketh in His ways. 2When thou eatest the labour of thy hands, Happy shalt thou be, and it shall be well with thee. 3Thy wife shall be as a fruitful vine, in the innermost parts of thy house; Thy …
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.
- 15
On the words
שו״ה להיות — כ״א
How it connects
The glosses read the abbreviation as ki im ("for if"), which is how the translation takes it: "For if there were no partition..."our note
Where the note points
Glosses of Rabbi Asherהגהות הרה״ח ר׳ אשרon this passage
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
= כי אם, כן הוא בהגהות הרה״ח ר׳ אשר.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
Circumcision: “My covenant with you” ¶6
6והנה בהסיר הערלה אז נעשה אב המון גוים שיתוספו ניצוצות להתכלל באלקות מחמת שלא יהי׳ מסך הנוגה וע״ז נאמר אני הנה בריתי אתך1 והיית לאב המוו גוים.
Now, when the foreskin is removed, then he becomes “father of a multitude of nations,” for sparks are added to be included in G‑dliness, since there is no screen of nogah. And about this it is said: “I — behold, My covenant is with you, and you shall be the father of a multitude of nations.”
When the foreskin (the screen of nogah) is removed, Avraham becomes "father of a multitude of nations": sparks of holiness from the wider world can now be added and absorbed into G‑dliness, because nogah no longer screens them off. The verse about the covenant of circumcision says exactly this.
“I” [bears the cantillation] zakef gadol: for ani (“I”) has the letters of ayin (“nothing”), since Malchus (sovereignty) is Keser (the Crown); and zakef gadol [means] when it is raised upward, etc.
The word "I" (ani) in that verse carries the cantillation zakef gadol, meaning "great upright." Ani has the same letters as ayin, "nothing," which stands for Keser, and Malchus, which says "I," has its root in Keser; the zakef gadol signals Malchus being raised up to that source.
ופי׳ שע״י המילה הרי בריתי ממש אתך והיינו התגלות היסוד כי כל הפרסא הכל הוא בבחי׳ היסוד בכל עולם יסוד אבא כו׳
The explanation: through circumcision, “My covenant” itself is “with you,” that is, the revelation of Yesod (foundation). For the whole partition is entirely in the level of Yesod, in every world: Yesod of Abba, etc.,
Through circumcision "My covenant" itself becomes "with you": Yesod, the Sefirah of the covenant, is revealed. Every partition in every world has the character of Yesod, beginning with Yesod of Abba (Chochmah),
עד סוף העשייה שנעשה ערלה ממש ובכריתת הערלה נעשה התגלות בריתי ממש אני זקף גדול כו׳ להיות אתך ממש שורה ומתגלה למטה כמו למעלה.
down to the end of Asiyah, where it becomes an actual foreskin; and with the cutting of the foreskin there comes the revelation of “My covenant” itself — “I” with zakef gadol, etc. — to be truly “with you,” dwelling and revealed below as above.
down to the end of Asiyah, where the partition becomes the actual foreskin. When it is cut away, "My covenant" is revealed, drawing down the "I" of the raised Malchus, so that G‑d is truly "with you," dwelling and revealed below as He is above.
(ור״ל שע״י כריתת הערלה יורד ונמשך מבחי, אני בבחי׳ יסוד כמ״ש בע״ח שכ״ז שהערלה דבוקה לא נמשכו גלוי אורות עליונים ביסוד אלא הם סתומים למעלה כו׳ ובכריתת הערלה נמשך בחי׳ אני אותיות אין בבחי׳ בריתי וכ״ז נמשך אתך ממש כו׳) :
(What is meant: through the cutting of the foreskin, [light] descends and is drawn from the level of “I” into the level of Yesod, as written in Etz Chaim that as long as the foreskin is attached, the revelation of the supernal lights is not drawn into Yesod, but they are closed off above, etc.; and with the cutting of the foreskin the level of ani, the letters of ayin, is drawn into the level of “My covenant,” and all this is drawn truly “with you,” etc.)
The closing note explains: as the Arizal writes in Etz Chaim, while the foreskin remains attached the supernal lights are not revealed in Yesod but stay closed off above. Cutting it draws the "I," which is ayin, into "My covenant," and so down to "with you," the person himself.
The maamar concludes with circumcision: removing the foreskin of kelipas nogah allows sparks to be gathered into holiness (Avraham as "father of a multitude of nations") and reveals the supernal light in Yesod. "I" with zakef gadol, the raised Malchus rooted in Keser, is drawn down through "My covenant" to be "with you" below.
The wordplay ani/ayin connects Malchus ("I") with Keser ("nothing"), in line with the Kabbalistic principle that Malchus is rooted in Keser and rises to it. Every partition functions as a Yesod, a channel of transmission, from Yesod of Abba down to the foreskin at the end of Asiyah; circumcision removes only the unholy layer, leaving the holy Chashmal of Binah as the channel.
Marei mekomos
- 1
On the words
אני הנה בריתי אתך
How it connects
"As for Me, behold My covenant is with you, and you shall be the father of a multitude of nations." G‑d's covenant of circumcision with Avraham; the Alter Rebbe reads each phrase in terms of removing the screen of nogah.our note
The source
Genesis 17:4בראשית י״ז:ד׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)3וַיִּפֹּל אַבְרָם עַל־פָּנָיו וַיְדַבֵּר אִתּוֹ אֱלֹקִים לֵאמֹר: 4אֲנִי הִנֵּה בְרִיתִי אִתָּךְ וְהָיִיתָ לְאַב הֲמוֹן גּוֹיִם: 5וְלֹא־יִקָּרֵא עוֹד אֶת־שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָם וְהָיָה שִׁמְךָ אַבְרָהָם כִּי אַב־הֲמוֹן גּוֹיִם נְתַתִּיךָ:
3And Abram fell on his face; and God talked with him, saying: 4’As for Me, behold, My covenant is with thee, and thou shalt be the father of a multitude of nations. 5Neither shall thy name any more be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for …
Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria
Kehot’s note
בראשית יז, ד.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 2
On the words
אני אותיות אין
How it connects
The note refers to this reference work of Kabbalistic terms for the equivalence of ani ("I") and ayin ("nothing").our note
Where the note points
Kehot’s note
ראה מאו״א אות א׳ סס״ד.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
- 3
On the words
וזקף גדול דהיינו כשהיא מתעלית למעלה
How it connects
Or HaTorah there cites the Zohar (3:191b) that the zakef accent, standing upward, indicates the ascent of Malchus, which is how the text reads "I" with zakef gadol.our note
Where the note points
Or HaTorah, by the Tzemach Tzedekאור התורהMatos, p. 1327
Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)Kehot’s note
באוה״ת מטות ע׳ א׳שכז מציין לזח״ג קצא, ב זקיף טעמא לעילא, מורה על עליית המל׳.
From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.
Finished the maamar?
Mark it as learned; it counts toward the week and the year’s siyum.
In one’s avodah
A person carries within himself the screen of nogah that covers the world. His service is to refine it: during the six weekdays, to work honestly and for the sake of Heaven and to pray and study with the strength that work gives him, so that the mundane becomes “profane things prepared in the purity of holiness”; on Shabbos, to set weekday work aside in self-nullification. Circumcision expresses the same task: removing the unholy covering so that the Divine light is revealed below.
Questions for discussion
- Why were curtains needed at the Temple gates by day, when they were open, and what does this teach about how light passes from one world to the next?
- How can the Chashmal be both lower than Z'eir Anpin and Nukva and rooted higher than they are? How does the parable of the parable resolve this?
- Why are the Chashmal-angels silent when G‑d's speech is revealed, and loud when it is withdrawn?
- If “all is from You,” in what sense is creation “something from nothing”?
- What is the difference between the partitions that separate holy from holy and kelipas nogah, which separates holy from profane, and what does each mean for a person's weekday life?
Key terms in this maamar
- Malchus (sovereignty)מלכות
- Kingship: the level through which G‑d's word creates and rules the worlds. ×7
- The World of Atzilus (Emanation)אצילות
- The highest world, still one with G‑d. ×11
- The outer dimension (chitzoniyus)חיצוניות
- The external, expressive aspect. ×12
- The inner dimension (pnimiyus)פנימיות
- The innermost core of a level. ×1
- Life-forceחיות
- The divine vitality that sustains every creation. ×4
- The emotive attributes (middos)מדות
- Love, awe, compassion and the rest. ×9
- The Shechinah (Divine Presence)שכינה
- G‑d's presence as it dwells in the world. ×1
- The World of Beriah (Creation)בריאה
- The first world of separate existence. ×19
- The World of Yetzirah (Formation)יצירה
- The world of the angels and emotions. ×9
- The World of Asiyah (Action)עשיה
- The lowest world, including our physical one. ×1
- The Sefirosספירות
- The ten divine attributes through which G‑d relates to creation.
- Binah (understanding)בינה
- Developing and grasping an insight in detail. ×12
- Z'eir Anpin (the emotive attributes)ז״א
- The six emotive Sefiros as one configuration. ×2
- Nukva (the feminine / Malchus)נוקבא
- Malchus as the receiving configuration.
- The sitra achra (the other side)סטרא אחרא
- The realm opposed to holiness.
- Chochmah (wisdom)חכמה
- The first flash of insight. ×8
- Self-nullification (bittul)ביטול
- Setting aside one's own sense of self before G‑d. ×5
- The Infinite Light (Or Ein Sof)אור אין סוף
- G‑d's light as it is, beyond all limits, before any contraction.
- The Name Havayahהוי׳
- The Tetragrammaton: G‑d as transcending time and bringing all into being.
- The Holy One, blessed be Heקב״ה
- ×3
- Kelipah (the husk)קליפה
- The forces of concealment that oppose holiness.
- Yesod (foundation)יסוד
- The channel that connects and transmits. ×6
- A dwelling place among the lower realmsדירה בתחתונים
- The purpose of creation: that G‑d be at home in this world. ×1
- Keser (the Crown)כתר
- The level above intellect: divine will and delight. ×1