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Torah Ohr · Parshas Noach · Maamar 1

מים רבים לא יוכלו לכבות את האהבה ונהרות…

Many waters cannot extinguish the love

  • 12 paragraphs · 57 sections
  • about 30 min of study
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The big idea

The pressures of earning a living, the “many waters,” cannot extinguish the soul’s innate love for G‑d; on the contrary, when a person who has been immersed in them all day turns to G‑d in prayer, they raise the soul to a limitless love, higher than it knew before it came into the world.

The maamar in brief

The Alter Rebbe reads the Song of Songs’ “many waters” as the worries and busyness of making a living. They cannot quench the hidden love of the G‑dly soul, a flame that naturally rises toward its Source; they can even lift it higher than before its descent. Isaiah calls them “the waters of Noach,” and Noach means rest. The Flood came not only to destroy but to purify the earth, like a mikveh, and likewise the servitude of livelihood, which began when the Temple’s supernatural blessing ceased, purifies the soul as Gehinnom does. When a person emerges from a day of material “darkness” and contemplates in prayer that all creation is only a glow of G‑d, he is stirred to the love “with all your might,” which has no limit, because it draws on the animal soul, whose root in Tohu is higher than the G‑dly soul’s. So the ark, the words of prayer, is lifted by the waters, and people in business can pray more deeply than scholars. This is the lower Shabbos; in the future the higher Shabbos will reveal a still greater love from above.

Outline

  1. The love the waters cannot quenchThe “many waters” are the preoccupations of livelihood; they cannot extinguish the G‑dly soul’s innate love, and through them the soul can rise higher than before its descent.¶1–2
  2. The waters of NoachNoach means rest; the Flood purified the earth like a mikveh, and the servitude of livelihood purifies the soul as Gehinnom does, lifting it to the highest level.¶3
  3. What the servitude isNot foreign rule or taxes but the worry of earning a living, unknown when the Temple’s supernatural blessing flowed.¶4
  4. Light out of darknessContemplation in prayer after a day of business kindles the limitless love “with all your might,” possible only through the animal soul, whose root in the fallen kings of Tohu is higher than the G‑dly soul’s.¶5–7
  5. The ark of prayerFrom the waters is built the teivah, the ark and the words of prayer, which the waters lift high; businesspeople can pray more than scholars.¶8–10
  6. The lower ShabbosAs the worlds ascend on Shabbos after the six days of work, the day’s labour ascends in prayer, a glow of Shabbos within the week.¶11
  7. The higher ShabbosIn the future, “the day that is entirely Shabbos,” a great love from above, supernal Chesed, will be revealed, higher even than the love born of the waters.¶12

Key concepts

many watersמים רבים
The preoccupations and worries of earning a living and the thoughts of worldly affairs, which threaten to drown a person’s awareness of G‑d.
hidden loveאהבה מסותרת
The love for G‑d present by nature in every Jewish soul, even when it is not felt; like a flame, it strains upward toward its Source.
rest of the spirit (naycha d’rucha)נייחא דרוחא
The meaning of the name Noach: the contentment and ascent that follow work, which is the inner quality of Shabbos.
servitudeשעבוד
In this maamar, the burden and worry of livelihood in exile, which purifies the soul as the Flood purified the earth.
the advantage of light out of darknessיתרון האור מן החשך
The greater light produced when darkness is subdued (iskafya) and transformed (is’hapcha chashocha), beyond light that never met darkness.
with all your mightבכל מאדך
The highest, limitless love for G‑d, which arises from struggle with its opposite, the animal soul.
the animal soulנפש הבהמית
The soul that animates the body and its drives; its ultimate root, in the kings of Tohu who fell, is higher than the G‑dly soul’s, which is why engaging it yields a higher love.
the ark / the wordתיבה
The teivah is both Noach’s ark and a word; the ark is the words of prayer, lifted by the waters of the day.
lower and higher Shabbosשבת תתאה ושבת עילאה
The lower Shabbos is the rest that follows toil, present in each week and each prayer; the higher Shabbos is the Messianic future, when a love from above will be revealed.

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The love the waters cannot quench ¶1–2

1מים רבים לא יוכלו לכבות את האהבה ונהרות לא ישטפוה אם יתן איש את כל הון ביתו באהבה בוז יבוזו לו.

“Many waters cannot extinguish the love, nor can rivers wash it away; if a man would give all the wealth of his house for love, he would be utterly scorned.”

Explanation

The maamar opens with a verse from the Song of Songs, which Chassidus reads as a love song between G‑d and the Jewish people. Its claim is that no flood of water, however great, can put out this love; the rest of the maamar explains what the “waters” are and why they cannot quench it.

הנה מים רבים הם כל טרדות הפרנסה והמחשבות שבעניני עוה״ז כו׳ ועכ״ז לא יוכלו לכבות את האהבה

Now, the “many waters” are all the preoccupations of earning a livelihood and the thoughts about the matters of this world, etc.; and nevertheless they “cannot extinguish the love” —

Explanation

The Alter Rebbe identifies the “many waters” with ordinary working life: the constant pressures of making a living and the stream of thoughts about worldly affairs. These can crowd out a person’s awareness of G‑d, yet they cannot actually extinguish his love for Him.

שהוא בחי׳ האהבה המוסתרת שיש בכל נפש מישראל בטבע מבחי׳ נפש האלקי׳ שטבעה לעלות וליכלל תמיד למעלה כשלהבת העולה מאליה

which is the level of the hidden love that is present by nature in every soul of Israel, from the level of the G‑dly soul, whose nature is to rise and be absorbed constantly above, like a flame that rises of itself,

Explanation

The love that survives is the “hidden love” (ahavah mesuteres) that every Jew possesses by nature, whether or not he feels it. It belongs to the G‑dly soul, which naturally strives upward to return to its Source, just as a flame reaches upward by its very nature without any effort.

כמ״ש לעיל מיניה רשפיה רשפי אש שלהבת יה שהוא בחי׳ שלהבת הבאה מלמעלה שהיא הנפש האלקית שקודם התלבשותה בגוף הגשמי היתה נהנית מזיו השכינה והיתה מיוחדת בתכלית היחוד בא״ס ב״ה.

as it is written just before it, “Its sparks are sparks of fire, a flame of G‑d,” which is the level of a flame that comes from above: this is the G‑dly soul, which, before it was enclothed in the physical body, delighted in the radiance of the Shechinah and was united in absolute unity with the Infinite One (Ein Sof), blessed be He.

Explanation

The verse just before “many waters” describes this love as “sparks of fire, a flame of G‑d”: a fire whose origin is Divine. That is the G‑dly soul, which before coming into a body enjoyed the radiance of G‑d’s presence in the spiritual worlds and was wholly one with the Infinite One; its yearning to rise is the memory of that union.

Paragraph 1 in brief

The paragraph sets out the maamar’s verse and its first reading: the “many waters” are the distractions of earning a living, and the love they cannot put out is the G‑dly soul’s innate, hidden love for G‑d, a flame that by nature rises toward its Source.

Deeper

The “hidden love” is the subject of Tanya, chapters 18–19, where it is described as an inheritance from the Patriarchs latent in every Jew, rooted in the Chochmah of the soul, which in turn is a vessel for the Infinite Light. The image of the flame that strains upward to leave its wick is used there for the soul’s natural desire to separate from the body and cleave to G‑d.

Marei mekomos

  1. 1

    On the words

    מים רבים

    How it connects

    The note identifies an early transcript of this same maamar, recorded by R. Pinchas Reizes and headed as delivered on Parshas Noach in Shklov, dated 5568 (1807).our note

    Where the note points

    Sefer HaMaamarim — Hanachos HaRap (transcripts by R. Pinchas Reizes of the Alter Rebbe’s maamarim)ספר המאמרים הנחות הר״פ

    p. 69, headed “Parshas Noach, Shklov”; the explanation there, p. 58; maamar of the year 5568

    Our explanationIt lets the reader compare the wording as first taken down; the notes below cite its variant readings.

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    Maamarei Admur HaZaken 5568מאמרי אדמו״ר הזקן תקס״ח

    vol. 2, p. 925, note 2 (the list of maamarim of 5568)

    Our explanationThe note points to the list of the Alter Rebbe’s maamarim of 5568, which places this discourse within that year’s teachings.

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    Or HaTorah, by the Tzemach Tzedekאור התורה

    Bereishis, vol. 3, 609a

    Our explanationThe Tzemach Tzedek printed this maamar there, taken from Likkutei Torah L’Gimmel Parshiyos with changes, together with his own glosses and explanation of it.

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    Likkutei Torah L’Gimmel Parshiyosלקוטי תורה לג׳ פרשיות

    as the source of the version printed in Or HaTorah, Bereishis vol. 3, 609a

    Our explanationThe note says the version of this maamar in Or HaTorah comes from Likkutei Torah L’Gimmel Parshiyos, with changes; that collection preserves another text of the same discourse.

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    Source notes (tziyunim) of the Lubavitcher Rebbeציונים לכבוד קדושת אדמו״ר

    above, in the Rebbe’s source notes

    Our explanationThe note refers the reader to the Rebbe’s own source notes for this maamar, printed earlier in the Kehot edition.

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    Maamarei Admur HaEmtzai, by the Mitteler Rebbeמאמרי אדמו״ר האמצעי

    Bereishis, p. 100, maamar beginning “Eileh toldos Noach”

    Our explanationA maamar of the Mitteler Rebbe on “These are the generations of Noach” that develops the same themes as this maamar as a whole.

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    The Rebbe’s maamar “Mayim Rabim” (5738)ד״ה מים רבים תשל״ח

    A maamar of the Rebbe, 5738

    Our explanationThe Rebbe’s maamar on the same verse, which explains this maamar at length; the next note quotes its reading of the phrase “preoccupations of earning a livelihood.”

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    The Rebbe’s maamar “כה אמר ה' השמים כסאי” (5741)ד״ה כה אמר ה׳ השמים כסאי תשמ״א

    A maamar of the Rebbe, 5741

    Our explanationListed among the Rebbe’s maamarim that discuss the ideas of this maamar as a whole.

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    The Rebbe’s maamar “כי ידעתיו” (5736)ד״ה כי ידעתיו תשל״ו

    A maamar of the Rebbe, 5736

    Our explanationAnother of the Rebbe’s maamarim on this theme; a later note (8:20) quotes its explanation of what the “servitude” of livelihood means.

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    Sefer HaMaamarim 5639, by the Rebbe Maharashספר המאמרים תרל״ט

    vol. 2, p. 524, maamar beginning “Ashreichem Yisrael”

    Our explanationThe note says several matters of this maamar are explained in that maamar of the Rebbe Maharash.

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    Manuscript 1110 (a gloss on Torah Ohr in the hand of the Rebbe Rayatz)בבוך 1110, הגהה בגוכתי״ק אדמו״ר הריי״צ

    dated Thursday, 29 Tishrei 5673

    Our explanationA handwritten summary of this maamar by the Rebbe Rayatz: the waters of livelihood do not extinguish the hidden love; the Flood came to purify; the animal soul’s root is higher; prayer lifts the preoccupations of livelihood; and “the wealth of his house” is the wisdom of Torah and the reasons of the mitzvos, which are scorned beside the practical mitzvos themselves, the inner will of G‑d.

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    Likkutei Sichosלקוטי שיחות

    by the Rebbe · vol. 20, p. 276

    The Rebbe’s edited talks on the parsha and the festivals, with his notes.

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    The Rebbe Maharash’s maamar “אשריכם ישראל” (5639)ד״ה אשריכם ישראל תרל״ט

    A maamar of the Rebbe Maharash, 5639

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    Kehot’s note

    משנת תקס״ח. הנחת הר״פ בסה״מ הנחות הר״פ ע׳ סט בכותרת ”פ׳ נח שקלאב”. והביאור שם ע׳ נח.

    ראה ברשימת המאמרים דשנת תקס״ח במאמרי אדה״ז תקס״ח כרך ב ע׳ תתקכה הערה 2.

    הגהות וביאור באוה״ת בראשית כרך ג תרט, א (מלקו״ת לג״פ עם שינויים, ושם נדפס המאמר עם הגהות).

    ראה לעיל בציונים לכ״ק אדמו״ר זי״ע.

    לכללות מאמר זה ראה: ד״ה אלה תולדות נח — מאמרי אדה״א בראשית ע׳ ק. ד״ה מים רבים תשל״ח (נדפס בלקו״ש ח״כ ע׳ 276). ד״ה כה אמר ה׳ השמים כסאי תשמ״א. ראה גם ד״ה כי ידעתיו תשל״ו.

    בד״ה אשריכם ישראל תרל״ט ח״ב ע׳ תקכד נתבארו כמה ענינים מהמאמר.

    בבוך 1110 נמצא הגה״ה לתו״א שנכתב בגוכתי״ק כ״ק אדמו״ר הריי״צ זצקוללה״ה:

    ”בס״ד. יום ה׳ כ״ט תשרי תער״ג.

    תו״א פ׳ נח ד״ה מים רבים. מים רבים דטרדות הפרנסה אינם מכבים האהבה מסותרת, והמבול בא לטהר את הארץ והם טרדת הפרנסה שמשעבדי׳ את האדם, ועי״ז נעשה הנייחא, הוא העלי׳ וכמו טוב מאד הנה״ב ששרשו גבוה מהנה״א, ונעשה יתרון האור דטרדת הפרנסה מתעלי׳ ע״י התפלה, וגבהה עבוד׳ בעלי עסקים, חמש עשרה כו׳ גברו המים, ותרם התבה, דתיבת התפלה מתרוממים ע״י המים, הון ביתו הוא חכמת התו׳ וטעמי המצות בוז יבוזו לו, אבל עצם המצות מעשיות שהם פנימיות רצונו ית׳ דנעוץ תחלתן בסופן דוקא, ועקימת שפתיו הוי מעשה”. ע״כ.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  2. 2

    On the words

    מים רבים

    How it connects

    “Many waters cannot quench the love… if a man would give all the wealth of his house for love, he would be utterly scorned.” The whole maamar is an explanation of this verse, and it reads the “many waters” as the burdens of making a living.our note

    The source

    Song of Songs 8:7שיר השירים ח׳:ז׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    6שִׂימֵנִי כַחוֹתָם עַל־לִבֶּךָ כַּחוֹתָם עַל־זְרוֹעֶךָ כִּי־עַזָּה כַמָּוֶת אַהֲבָה קָשָׁה כִשְׁאוֹל קִנְאָה רְשָׁפֶיהָ רִשְׁפֵּי אֵשׁ שַׁלְהֶבֶתְיָה: 7מַיִם רַבִּים לֹא יוּכְלוּ לְכַבּוֹת אֶת־הָאַהֲבָה וּנְהָרוֹת לֹא יִשְׁטְפוּהָ אִם־יִתֵּן אִישׁ אֶת־כׇּל־הוֹן בֵּיתוֹ בָּאַהֲבָה בּוֹז יָבוּזוּ לוֹ: 8אָחוֹת לָנוּ קְטַנָּה וְשָׁדַיִם אֵין לָהּ מַה־נַּעֲשֶׂה לַאֲחֹתֵנוּ בַּיּוֹם שֶׁיְּדֻבַּר־בָּהּ:

    6… as the grave; The flashes thereof are flashes of fire, A very flame of the LORD. 7Many waters cannot quench love, Neither can the floods drown it; If a man would give all the substance of his house for love, He would utterly be contemned. 8We have a little sister, And she hath no breasts; What shall we do for our …

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

    Kehot’s note

    שה״ש ח, ז.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  3. 3

    On the words

    טרדות הפרנסה

    How it connects

    The Rebbe notes the precision of the words “preoccupations of livelihood”: a person may be beset by such preoccupations, which shows he has not properly taken to heart that G‑d’s blessing is what brings wealth; yet even these preoccupations cannot, G‑d forbid, extinguish the hidden love in every Jew.our note

    Where the note points

    The Rebbe’s maamar “Mayim Rabim” (5738)ד״ה מים רבים תשל״ח

    A maamar of the Rebbe, 5738

    Find it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)
    Derech Mitzvosecha, by the Tzemach Tzedekדרך מצותיך

    7a ff.

    Our explanationCited within the Rebbe’s explanation for the idea that preoccupation with livelihood reflects not having internalized that G‑d’s blessing is what makes one rich.

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    Kuntres U’Maayan, by the Rebbe Rashabקונטרס ומעין

    maamar 25, ch. 3

    Our explanationCited within the Rebbe’s explanation for the same point about trust in G‑d’s blessing versus preoccupation with livelihood.

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    The Rebbe Rashab’s maamar “וידעת” (5657)ד״ה וידעת תרנ״ז

    A maamar of the Rebbe Rashab, 5657

    Our explanationCited within the Rebbe’s explanation for the same point.

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    Torah Chaim, by the Mitteler Rebbeתורת חיים

    Noach, 4 ff.

    Our explanationThe Mitteler Rebbe’s expanded treatment of this theme at the start of Parshas Noach.

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    Hemshech “Mayim Rabbim” 5636, by the Rebbe Maharashהמשך מים רבים תרל״ו

    at its beginning, and ch. 75

    Our explanationThe Rebbe Maharash’s long series of maamarim on this same verse, which discusses the “many waters” of livelihood.

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    Maamarei Admur HaEmtzai, by the Mitteler Rebbeמאמרי אדמו״ר האמצעי

    Bereishis, p. 100

    Our explanationThe Mitteler Rebbe explains at length what “extinguishing” means: the soul is called a light, an arousal in the mind or heart, and the many waters of livelihood extinguish that light so that it is not aroused in mind or heart, even to thoughts of teshuvah, as in “the waters have come up to the soul.”

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    Sichah of Shabbos Parshas Noach 5713, by the Lubavitcher Rebbeשיחת ש״פ נח תשי״ג

    section 14 (unedited transcript)

    Our explanationThe Rebbe explains the connection between the worries of livelihood, the Flood and the mikveh.

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    Likkutei Sichosלקוטי שיחות

    by the Rebbe · vol. 20, p. 276

    The Rebbe’s edited talks on the parsha and the festivals, with his notes.

    Find it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)

    Kehot’s note

    וזהו דיוק הלשון ”טרדות הפרנסה” דהגם שהוא במצב שנמשך לו טרדות הפרנסה [שזה מראה אשר אינו מתבונן כדבעי אליבי׳ דנפשי׳ שברכת הוי׳ היא תעשיר (דרמ״צ ז, א ואילך, קונטרס ומעיין מכ״ה פ״ג, ד״ה וידעת תרנ״ז)] מ״מ, הנה גם הטרדות לא יוכלו לכבות ח״ו את האהבה המוסתרת שבכ״א מישראל — ד״ה מים רבים תשל״ח (נדפס בלקו״ש ח״כ ע׳ 276 ואילך). ראה תו״ח נח, ד ואילך. המשך מים רבים תרל״ו בתחלתו, ובפרק עה.

    במאמרי אדה״א בראשית ע׳ ק מאריך בזה שענין הכיבוי הוא כי הנשמה נק׳ אור שהוא בהתפעלות במוח או בלב כו׳, ועכשיו המים רבים מכבים דהיינו טרדת הפרנסה מכבים אור הנשמה שלא תתפעל לא במוח ולא בלב ואפי׳ בהתעוררו׳ תשובה וכמ״ש כי באו מים עד נפש ועד בכלל כו׳ ע״ש. ראה בשיחת ש״פ נח תשי״ג בסעי׳ יד (מהנחה בלתי מוגה) מבאר השייכות בין דאגות הפרנסה למבול ומקוה.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  4. 4

    On the words

    שבעניני עוה״ז

    How it connects

    A variant: the early transcript adds here, “and they are the level of servitude to the kingdoms,” linking the “many waters” to the servitude of exile.our note

    Where the note points

    Sefer HaMaamarim — Hanachos HaRap (transcripts by R. Pinchas Reizes of the Alter Rebbe’s maamarim)ספר המאמרים הנחות הר״פ

    the transcript of this maamar

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    Kehot’s note

    בהנחת הר״פ מוסיף: ”והם בחי׳ שעבוד מלכיות”.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  5. 5

    On the words

    האהבה המוסתרת שיש בכל נפש מישראל

    How it connects

    Tanya explains the “hidden love” found in the heart of every Jew as an inheritance from the Patriarchs; the Kehot note points there for this concept.our note

    The source

    Tanya, Likkutei Amarim 18:2–3תניא, חלק ראשון; ליקוטי אמרים י״ח:ב׳-ג׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    … מַמָּשׁ, מֵעוּמְקָא דְלִבָּא, בֶּאֱמֶת לַאֲמִיתּוֹ, בִּדְחִילוּ וּרְחִימוּ, שֶׁהִיא ״אַהֲבָה מְסוּתֶּרֶת״ שֶׁבְּלֵב כְּלָלוּת יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁהִיא יְרוּשָּׁה לָנוּ מֵאֲבוֹתֵינוּ. רַק שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לְבָאֵר וּלְהַקְדִּים תְּחִלָּה בַּאֵר הֵיטֵב, שֹׁרֶשׁ אַהֲבָה זוֹ, וְעִנְיָינָהּ, וְאֵיךְ הִיא יְרוּשָּׁה לָנוּ, וְאֵיךְ נִכְלָל בָּהּ גַּם דְּחִילוּ.

    Hebrew: Kehot Publication Society (CC-BY-NC) · via Sefaria

    Where the note points

    Tanyaתניא

    Part I, chapters 18–19

    ולתוספת ביאור, באר היטב, מלת ״מאד״ שבפסוק: ״כי קרוב אליך הדבר מאד וגו׳״. צריך לידע נאמנה, כי אף מי שדעתו קצרה בידיעת ה׳, ואין לו לב להבין בגדולת אין סוף ברוך הוא, להוליד ממנה דחילו ורחימו אפילו במוחו ותבונתו לבד, אף על פי כן, קרוב אליו הדבר מאד לשמור ולעשות כל מצות התורה ותלמוד תורה כנגד כולן, בפיו ובלבבו ממש, מעומקא דלבא, באמת לאמיתו, בדחילו ורחימו, שהיא ״אהבה מסותרת״ שבלב כללות ישראל, שהיא ירושה לנו מאבותינו. רק שצריך לבאר ולהקדים תחלה באר היטב, שרש אהבה זו, ועניינה, ואיך היא ירושה לנו, ואיך נכלל בה גם דחילו. והענין, כי האבות – הן הן המרכבה, ועל כן זכו להמשיך נפש רוח נשמה לבניהם אחריהם עד עולם מעשר ספירות דקדושה שבארבע עולמות אצילות בריאה יצירה עשיה, לכל אחד ואחד כפי מדרגתו וכפי מעשיו. …

    Our explanationTanya explains the “hidden love” in the heart of every Jew as an inheritance from the Patriarchs, and sets out its root and nature; this is the love the maamar says the “many waters” cannot extinguish.

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)
    Or HaTorah, by the Tzemach Tzedekאור התורה

    Shir HaShirim, p. 60 ff.

    Our explanationThe Tzemach Tzedek’s discussion of the hidden love in his commentary on the Song of Songs.

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)

    Kehot’s note

    ראה תניא פי״ח-י״ט, וראה גם באוה״ת שה״ש ע׳ ס ואילך.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  6. 6

    On the words

    רשפי׳ רשפי אש

    How it connects

    The verse immediately before: love’s “sparks are sparks of fire, a flame of G‑d.” The Alter Rebbe reads the “flame of G‑d” as the G‑dly soul, a fire that comes from above.our note

    The source

    Song of Songs 8:6שיר השירים ח׳:ו׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    5מִי זֹאת עֹלָה מִן־הַמִּדְבָּר מִתְרַפֶּקֶת עַל־דּוֹדָהּ תַּחַת הַתַּפּוּחַ עוֹרַרְתִּיךָ שָׁמָּה חִבְּלַתְךָ אִמֶּךָ שָׁמָּה חִבְּלָה יְלָדַתְךָ: 6שִׂימֵנִי כַחוֹתָם עַל־לִבֶּךָ כַּחוֹתָם עַל־זְרוֹעֶךָ כִּי־עַזָּה כַמָּוֶת אַהֲבָה קָשָׁה כִשְׁאוֹל קִנְאָה רְשָׁפֶיהָ רִשְׁפֵּי אֵשׁ שַׁלְהֶבֶתְיָה: 7מַיִם רַבִּים לֹא יוּכְלוּ לְכַבּוֹת אֶת־הָאַהֲבָה וּנְהָרוֹת לֹא יִשְׁטְפוּהָ אִם־יִתֵּן אִישׁ אֶת־כׇּל־הוֹן בֵּיתוֹ בָּאַהֲבָה בּוֹז יָבוּזוּ לוֹ:

    5… thy mother was in travail with thee; There was she in travail and brought thee forth. 6Set me as a seal upon thy heart, As a seal upon thine arm; For love is strong as death, Jealousy is cruel as the grave; The flashes thereof are flashes of fire, A very flame of the LORD. 7Many waters cannot quench love, Neither can the floods drown it; If a man would give …

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

    Kehot’s note

    שה״ש ח, ו.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  7. 7

    On the words

    שלהבת י-ה . . הבאה מלמעלה

    How it connects

    The Rebbe points to Shir HaShirim Rabbah on this verse, which calls the flame of G‑d a fire from above that water cannot extinguish, and to the Maharzu’s commentary there; this supports reading the flame as a fire that “comes from above.”our note

    Where the note points

    Likkutei Sichos, by the Lubavitcher Rebbeלקוטי שיחות

    vol. 20, p. 277, note 24

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)
    Sefer HaMaamarim 5651, by the Rebbe Rashabספר המאמרים תרנ״א

    p. 141, maamar beginning “Ve’asisa tzitz”

    Our explanationA discussion of the hidden love by the Rebbe Rashab.

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)

    Kehot’s note

    ראה גם שהש״ר עה״פ (בסופו): שלהבת י-ה .ֿ. כאש של מעלה .ֿ. ולא המים מכבין לאש, וראה בפירוש מהרז״ו שם — לקו״ש ח״כ ע׳ 277 הערה 24.

    בענין אהבה מסותרת ראה בד״ה ועשית ציץ — תרנ״א ע׳ קמא.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

2ולזאת גם אחר התלבשותה בגוף הגשמי לעסוק בענינים גשמיים שהן הנקראים מים רבים עכ״ז לא יוכלו לכבותה מלהיות תמיד בבחי׳ אהבה ותשוקה נפלאה לעלות וליכלל למעלה ואדרבה

Therefore, even after it is enclothed in the physical body to occupy itself with physical matters — which are what are called “many waters” — nevertheless they “cannot extinguish” it from being constantly in a state of love and wondrous longing to rise and be absorbed above. On the contrary,

Explanation

Because the soul’s love is its very nature, it does not die when the soul enters a body and becomes busy with material things. The Alter Rebbe calls those material involvements the “many waters,” and insists that they cannot put out the soul’s constant longing to rise and dissolve into G‑d.

ע״י התלבשותה במים רבים הנ״ל יכולה להגיע למדרגה היותר גבוה מקודם שירדה לעוה״ז כאשר יתבאר:

through its enclothement in the “many waters” mentioned above, it can reach a higher level than [it stood at] before it descended to this world, as will be explained.

Explanation

Then comes the maamar’s bold thesis: the soul does not merely survive its immersion in worldly affairs; through that very immersion it can reach a higher level than it had before it came down, even when it basked in the radiance of G‑d’s presence. The rest of the maamar explains how.

Paragraph 2 in brief

The paragraph turns the verse from a defence into a promise: the worldly “many waters” not only fail to extinguish the soul’s love but can raise it higher than it stood before its descent.

Deeper

This is the classic Chassidic answer to why a soul must descend into a body: “descent for the sake of ascent.” The maamar will locate the gain in the power of the animal soul and the struggle with darkness.

Marei mekomos

  1. 1

    How it connects

    Kehot’s note points to Song of Songs 8:7 for these words.

    The source

    Song of Songs 8:7שיר השירים ח׳:ז׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    6שִׂימֵנִי כַחוֹתָם עַל־לִבֶּךָ כַּחוֹתָם עַל־זְרוֹעֶךָ כִּי־עַזָּה כַמָּוֶת אַהֲבָה קָשָׁה כִשְׁאוֹל קִנְאָה רְשָׁפֶיהָ רִשְׁפֵּי אֵשׁ שַׁלְהֶבֶתְיָה: 7מַיִם רַבִּים לֹא יוּכְלוּ לְכַבּוֹת אֶת־הָאַהֲבָה וּנְהָרוֹת לֹא יִשְׁטְפוּהָ אִם־יִתֵּן אִישׁ אֶת־כׇּל־הוֹן בֵּיתוֹ בָּאַהֲבָה בּוֹז יָבוּזוּ לוֹ: 8אָחוֹת לָנוּ קְטַנָּה וְשָׁדַיִם אֵין לָהּ מַה־נַּעֲשֶׂה לַאֲחֹתֵנוּ בַּיּוֹם שֶׁיְּדֻבַּר־בָּהּ:

    6… as the grave; The flashes thereof are flashes of fire, A very flame of the LORD. 7Many waters cannot quench love, Neither can the floods drown it; If a man would give all the substance of his house for love, He would utterly be contemned. 8We have a little sister, And she hath no breasts; What shall we do for our …

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

  2. 2

    On the words

    להגיע למדרגה היותר גבוה מקודם שירדה לעוה״ז

    How it connects

    A variant reading: the early transcript continues, “to reach a higher level, for the ‘many waters’ mentioned above, which are the level of servitude to the kingdoms, are called ‘the waters of Noach.’” It thus ties the “many waters” to the servitude of exile from the outset.our note

    Where the note points

    Sefer HaMaamarim — Hanachos HaRap (transcripts by R. Pinchas Reizes of the Alter Rebbe’s maamarim)ספר המאמרים הנחות הר״פ

    the transcript of this maamar

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)

    Kehot’s note

    בהנחת הר״פ: להגיע למדריגה היותר גבוה כי מים רבים הנ״ל שהוא בחי׳ שעבוד מלכיות נק׳ מי נח.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

The waters of Noach ¶3

3והנה בחי׳ מים רבים הנ״ל נק׳ מי נח וכמ״ש (ישעי׳ נד) אשר נשבעתי מעבור מי נח עוד על הארץ כן נשבעתי מקצף עליך ומגער בך (עיין בספר עיר גבורים) כי

Now, the level of “many waters” mentioned above is called “the waters of Noach,” as it is written (Isaiah 54), “That I swore that the waters of Noach would no more pass over the earth, so have I sworn not to be angry with you or rebuke you” (see the book Ir Gibborim). For

Explanation

Isaiah compares G‑d’s promise never again to be angry with Israel to His oath after the Flood never again to bring “the waters of Noach” over the earth. The Alter Rebbe takes the prophet’s phrase “the waters of Noach” as a name for the “many waters” of worldly life, and refers the reader to Ir Gibborim, a work by the author of the Kli Yakar commentary on the Torah.

הנה נח הוא נייחא דרוחא שהוא בחינת שביתה כאדם השובת ממלאכתו. וכמ״ש וישבת ביום השביעי ותרגומו ונח ביומא שביעאה כו׳.

Noach is naycha d’rucha (rest of the spirit), which is the level of ceasing, like a person who ceases from his work. As it is written, “And He ceased (vayishbos) on the seventh day,” and its Targum [renders it], “And He rested (venach) on the seventh day,” etc.

Explanation

The name Noach means rest: the Zohar reads it as naycha d’rucha, the settled contentment of spirit that comes when work is finished. The proof is that the Torah says G‑d “ceased” on the seventh day, and the Aramaic translation of Onkelos renders that word with the root of Noach, “rested.”

ומ״ש נח נח ב״פ הם נייחא דעילאי ונייחא דתתאי שהוא בחי׳ שבת תתאה ושבת עילאה שיהיה לעתיד שנק׳ יום שכולו שבת משא״כ שבת תתאה אינו כולו שבת כאשר יתבאר.

And what is written, “Noach, Noach,” twice: these are the rest of the higher ones and the rest of the lower ones, which is the level of the lower Shabbos and the higher Shabbos that will be in the Time to Come, which is called “the day that is entirely Shabbos,” whereas the lower Shabbos is not entirely Shabbos, as will be explained.

Explanation

The verse repeats the name, “Noach, Noach,” and the Midrash explains the doubling as rest for the higher beings and rest for the lower beings. The Alter Rebbe maps these onto two kinds of Shabbos: the weekly “lower Shabbos” we know now, which is not wholly rest, and the “higher Shabbos” of the Messianic future, “the day that is entirely Shabbos.” Both will be explained later in the maamar.

כי הנה לכאורה אינו מובן ענין המבול שאם היה רק להעביר ולשחת האנשים החוטאים למה הוצרך לבחי׳ רעש גדול כזה הלא ברגע א׳ היה ביכול׳ ה׳ להעבירם אף בלא המבול.

For at first glance the matter of the Flood is not understood: if it were only to remove and destroy the sinful people, why was there need for so great an upheaval as this? Surely in a single moment G‑d had the power to remove them, even without the Flood.

Explanation

The Alter Rebbe now asks why G‑d brought a Flood at all. If the aim were only to destroy the wicked, He could have done it instantly and quietly; a year-long cataclysm of water must have served another purpose.

אך באמת היה המבול בא לטהר את הארץ שנאמר כי מלאה הארץ חמס ונתקלקלה מאד והיה נצרך לטהרה ולזאת בא המבול דוקא שהוא בחי׳ מים בכדי לטהר את הטמאים

But in truth the Flood came to purify the earth, as it is said, “For the earth is filled with violence,” and it had become very corrupted and needed to be purified. Therefore it was specifically the Flood that came, which is the level of water, in order to purify the impure,

Explanation

The answer, drawn from the Talmud, is that the Flood came to purify the earth itself, which had been corrupted by the violence done on it. That is why the punishment took the form of water specifically, since water is the medium of purification in Torah law.

שהוא כדוגמת המקוה מ׳ סאה שהיא מטהרת את הטמא כמו כן היה המבול בא בכדי לטהר את כל הארץ

like the mikveh of forty se’ah, which purifies the impure; so too the Flood came in order to purify the whole earth,

Explanation

The model is the mikveh, the ritual pool, which must hold at least forty se’ah of water to purify a person or vessel. The Flood, which lasted forty days, was in effect a mikveh for the whole earth.

וכמ״ש (יחזקאל לו) וזרקתי עליכם מים טהורים וטהרתם כו׳ ולזאת נקראים מי נח שנעשה מזה נייחא דרוחא כו׳.

as it is written (Ezekiel 36), “And I will sprinkle pure water upon you, and you shall be pure,” etc. Therefore they are called “the waters of Noach,” for from this came about naycha d’rucha, etc.

Explanation

Ezekiel’s promise that G‑d will “sprinkle pure water” on Israel shows that water is the instrument of spiritual cleansing. Because the Flood waters purified the world, they produced the “rest of spirit” that the name Noach denotes, and so they are called “the waters of Noach.”

והנה שעבוד הפרנסה נק׳ ג״כ מי נח וכמארז״ל שבחר לו אברהם אבינו שעבוד נגד גיהנם.

Now, the servitude of earning a livelihood is also called “the waters of Noach,” as our Sages, of blessed memory, said that Avraham our father chose for himself servitude in place of Gehinnom.

Explanation

Now the Alter Rebbe applies this to working life: the servitude of having to earn a living is also “waters of Noach.” The Midrash relates that when G‑d showed Avraham the future, he chose for his descendants the subjugation of exile rather than Gehinnom; the Alter Rebbe reads that servitude as the burden of making a living, which, like Gehinnom, cleanses.

שכמו שאי אפשר להנשמה לבא בג״ע ליהנות מזיו השכינה עד שתרד קודם לכן בגיהנם וכמו שאמרו גבי אחר מוטב דלידייני׳ וליתי לעלמא דאתי

For just as it is impossible for the soul to enter the Garden of Eden to delight in the radiance of the Shechinah until it first descends into Gehinnom — as they said concerning Acher, “Better that he be judged and come to the World to Come” —

Explanation

He explains why such cleansing is a necessary stage. A soul cannot enter the Garden of Eden and enjoy G‑d’s radiance until it has passed through the purging of Gehinnom; hence the Talmud says of the sage Elisha ben Avuyah, called Acher (“the Other”) after he strayed, that it was better he be judged and purified so that he could enter the World to Come.

וגם לטבול בנהר דינור כמ״ש במ״א. כמו״כ ע״י שעבוד יכולים לעלו׳ למעלה מעלה למדרגה היותר גבוה.

and also [for it] to immerse in the River of Fire (Nehar Dinur), as is explained elsewhere; so too, through servitude one can rise higher and higher, to the highest level.

Explanation

Beyond Gehinnom, a soul rising from the lower Garden of Eden to the higher must immerse in the “River of Fire” so as to forget the lesser delight it knew before. In the same way, the servitude of earning a living, painful as it is, cleanses the soul and lets it climb to the very highest level.

Paragraph 3 in brief

The paragraph names the “many waters” as “the waters of Noach,” explains that Noach means rest, and shows that the Flood’s purpose was purification; likewise the servitude of earning a living purifies the soul, as Gehinnom does, and so lifts it higher.

Deeper

The two kinds of rest correspond to the lower and higher Shabbos introduced here and developed in the final paragraphs. The Kehot note brings the Zohar’s reading of “He ceased” as “the Yesod of the world,” the union of Z’eir Anpin and Nukva which is itself the “rest and delight” of Shabbos. The comparison of the Flood to a mikveh is completed in Or HaTorah, which notes the Midrashim linking the Flood’s forty days to forty lashes.

Marei mekomos

  1. 1

    On the words

    והנה בחי׳ מים רבים

    How it connects

    From this point on, the maamar is quoted in Or HaTorah, where the Tzemach Tzedek brings it and builds on it.our note

    Where the note points

    Or HaTorah, by the Tzemach Tzedekאור התורה

    Bereishis, vol. 3, 622a

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)

    Kehot’s note

    מכאן מובא באוה״ת בראשית כרך ג תרכב, א.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  2. 2

    How it connects

    G‑d compares His promise to Israel to His oath after the Flood: as the “waters of Noach” will never again cover the earth, so He will not again be angry with Israel. The maamar takes “the waters of Noach” as a name for the “many waters” of livelihood.our note

    The source

    Isaiah 54:9ישעיהו נ״ד:ט׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    8בְּשֶׁצֶף קֶצֶף הִסְתַּרְתִּי פָנַי רֶגַע מִמֵּךְ וּבְחֶסֶד עוֹלָם רִחַמְתִּיךְ אָמַר גֹּאֲלֵךְ Havayah 9כִּי־מֵי נֹחַ זֹאת לִי אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי מֵעֲבֹר מֵי־נֹחַ עוֹד עַל־הָאָרֶץ כֵּן נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי מִקְּצֹף עָלַיִךְ וּמִגְּעׇר־בָּךְ: 10כִּי הֶהָרִים יָמוּשׁוּ וְהַגְּבָעוֹת תְּמוּטֶינָה וְחַסְדִּי מֵאִתֵּךְ לֹא־יָמוּשׁ וּבְרִית שְׁלוֹמִי לֹא תָמוּט אָמַר מְרַחֲמֵךְ ה׳

    8… moment; But with everlasting kindness will I have compassion on thee, Saith the LORD thy Redeemer. 9For this is as the waters of Noah unto Me; for as I have sworn that the waters of Noah should no more go over the earth, so have I sworn that I would not be wroth with thee, nor rebuke thee. 10For the mountains may depart, and the hills be removed; but My kindness shall not depart …

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

  3. 3

    On the words

    עיין בספר עיר גיבורים

    How it connects

    The text itself refers to this book; the note identifies its author as the author of the Kli Yakar commentary, presumably for its treatment of “the waters of Noach.”our note

    Where the note points

    Ir Gibborim, by R. Shlomo Ephraim of Luntschitz, author of the Kli Yakar on the Torahעיר גבורים

    as cited in the text

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)

    Kehot’s note

    מבעל המחבר כלי יקר עה״ת.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  4. 4

    On the words

    נח הוא נייחא דרוחא

    How it connects

    The Zohar, cited in the Kehot note, interprets the name Noach as “rest” (naycha), the contentment of spirit that the maamar builds on.our note

    The source

    Zohar I, 60aזח״א ס, אSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    Where the note points

    Or HaTorah, by the Tzemach Tzedekאור התורה

    Bamidbar, p. 260

    Our explanationA parallel discussion of Noach as naycha d’rucha, the rest of spirit.

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)
    Likkutei Sichos, by the Lubavitcher Rebbeלקוטי שיחות

    vol. 1, Parshas Noach, p. 4

    Our explanationThe Rebbe’s talk on Parshas Noach that discusses the meaning of Noach as rest and the waters of the Flood.

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)

    Kehot’s note

    ראה זח״א ס, א. אוה״ת במדבר ע׳ רס. ובלקוטי שיחות ח״א פ׳ נח ע׳ 4.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  5. 5

    On the words

    וישבות ביום השביעי

    How it connects

    “And He ceased on the seventh day from all His work.” The Alter Rebbe uses it to show that Noach, rest, is the same idea as Shabbos, cessation.our note

    The source

    Genesis 2:2בראשית ב׳:ב׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    1וַיְכֻלּוּ הַשָּׁמַיִם וְהָאָרֶץ וְכׇל־צְבָאָם: 2וַיְכַל אֱלֹקִים בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה וַיִּשְׁבֹּת בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי מִכׇּל־מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה: 3וַיְבָרֶךְ אֱלֹקִים אֶת־יוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וַיְקַדֵּשׁ אֹתוֹ כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת מִכׇּל־מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר־בָּרָא אֱלֹקִים לַעֲשׂוֹת:

    1And the heaven and the earth were finished, and all the host of them. 2And on the seventh day God finished His work which He had made; and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had made. 3And God blessed the seventh day, and hallowed it; because that in it He rested from …

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

    Where the note points

    Or HaTorah, by the Tzemach Tzedekאור התורה

    Noach, 69a

    Our explanationThere the Tzemach Tzedek cites the Zohar that “He ceased” refers to the Yesod of the world, the union of Z’eir Anpin and Nukva, which is the “rest and delight”; this deepens the link between Noach’s rest and Shabbos.

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)

    Kehot’s note

    בראשית ב, ב. ראה אוה״ת נח סט, א שמציין לזח״א מז, ב ”וישבות דא יסודא דעלמא, והיינו יחוד זו״נ שזהו הנייחא והענג” ע״ש.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  6. 6

    On the words

    וישבת ביום השביעי

    How it connects

    Cited by Or HaTorah, according to the Kehot note: “Vayishbos” refers to the Yesod of the world, the union of Z’eir Anpin and Nukva, which is the “rest and delight” of Shabbos.our note

    The source

    Zohar, Bereshit 75:178–77:188ספר הזהר, בראשית ע״ה:קע״ח-ע״ז:קפ״חSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.

  7. 7

    On the words

    ותרגומו ונח ביומא שביעאה

    How it connects

    Onkelos translates “He ceased” as “venach,” He rested, using the same root as the name Noach; this links the name to Shabbos rest.our note

    The source

    Onkelos Genesis 2:2תרגום אונקלוס על בראשית ב׳:ב׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    1וְאִשְׁתַּכְלָלוּ שְׁמַיָּא וְאַרְעָא וְכָל חֵילֵיהוֹן: 2וְשֵׁיצֵי יְיָ בְּיוֹמָא שְׁבִיעָאָה עֲבִדְתֵּהּ דִּי עֲבָד וְנַח בְּיוֹמָא שְׁבִיעָאָה מִכָּל עֲבִדְתֵּהּ דִּי עֲבָד: 3וּבָרִיךְ יְיָ יָת יוֹמָא שְׁבִיעָאָה וְקַדִּישׁ יָתֵהּ אֲרֵי בֵהּ נַח מִכָּל עֲבִדְתֵּהּ דִּי בְרָא יְיָ לְמֶעְבַּד:

    1...And they were finished, the heavens, the earth, and all their hosts. 2...And God ended on the seventh day his work that he did, and he rested on the seventh day from all the work that he did. 3...And God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it because on it he rested from all …

    Hebrew: Sifsei Chachomim Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 (CC-BY-NC) · English: Sefaria Community Translation (CC0) · via Sefaria

    Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.

  8. 8

    On the words

    נח נח ב״פ

    How it connects

    “These are the generations of Noach; Noach was a righteous man…” The name appears twice in a row, which the Midrash expounds.our note

    The source

    Genesis 6:9בראשית ו׳:ט׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    8וְנֹחַ מָצָא חֵן בְּעֵינֵי Havayah 9אֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדֹת נֹחַ נֹחַ אִישׁ צַדִּיק תָּמִים הָיָה בְּדֹרֹתָיו אֶת־הָאֱלֹקִים הִתְהַלֶּךְ־נֹחַ: 10וַיּוֹלֶד נֹחַ שְׁלֹשָׁה בָנִים אֶת־שֵׁם אֶת־חָם וְאֶת־יָפֶת:

    8But Noah found grace in the eyes of the LORD. 9These are the generations of Noah. Noah was in his generations a man righteous and wholehearted; Noah walked with God. 10And Noah begot three sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth.

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

    Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.

  9. 9

    On the words

    נייחא דעילאי

    How it connects

    The Midrash explains the doubled “Noach, Noach” as rest for the higher beings and rest for the lower beings. The Alter Rebbe applies this to the lower and higher Shabbos.our note

    The source

    Bereshit Rabbah 30:4בראשית רבה ל׳:ד׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    "אֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדֹת נֹחַ נֹחַ" א"ר אבא בר כהנא כל מי שנכפל שמו יש לו בעולם הזה ויש לו בעולם הבא אתיבון ליה והכתיב (בראשית יא, כז ): "תֶּרַח תֶּרַח" א"כ יש לו חלק בעולם הזה ולעולם הבא א"ל אף היא לא תברא דא"ר יודן בשם רבי אבא בר כהנא (בראשית טו, טו ): "ואתה תבוא אל אבותיך בשלום" בשרו שיש לאביו חלק בעוה"ב "תקבר בשיבה טובה" בשרו שישמעאל עושה תשובה:

    “These are the offspring of Noah; Noah” – Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: Anyone whose name is written twice in succession has a [double] share – in this world and in the World to Come. They raised an objection to him: But is it not written: “Teraḥ Teraḥ”? (Genesis 11:27). If so, he has a share in this world and in the World to Come! He said to them: This, too, is not a contradiction, as Rabbi Yudan said in the name of Rabbi Abba bar Kahana: [When God told Abraham,] “You shall go to your fathers in peace” (Genesis 15:15), he was giving him the good tidings that his father had a share in the World to Come. [And when He told him,] “You will be buried at a good old age” (Genesis 15:15) – he was …

    Hebrew: Wikisource Bereshit Rabbah (CC-BY-SA) · English: The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 (CC-BY) · via Sefaria

    Kehot’s note

    ב״ר ל, ד.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  10. 10

    On the words

    יום שכולו שבת

    How it connects

    The Mishnah calls the Messianic future “the day that is entirely Shabbos and rest for eternal life”; the Alter Rebbe identifies it with the higher Shabbos, to be explained at the end of the maamar.our note

    The source

    Mishnah Tamid 7:4משנה תמיד ז׳:ד׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    … בַּשִּׁשִּׁי הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים (שם צג), ה' מָלָךְ גֵּאוּת לָבֵשׁ וְגוֹ'. בְּשַׁבָּת הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים (שם צב), מִזְמוֹר שִׁיר לְיוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת, מִזְמוֹר שִׁיר לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא, לְיוֹם שֶׁכֻּלּוֹ שַׁבָּת מְנוּחָה לְחַיֵּי הָעוֹלָמִים:

    The following are the psalms that were chanted in the Temple. 1) On the first day they used to say, “The earth is the Lord's and the fullness thereof, the world and they that dwell therein” (Psalms 24). 2) On the second day they used to say: “Great is the Lord and highly to be praised, in the city of our God. His holy mountain” (Psalms 48). 3) On the third day they used to say: “God stands in the congregation of God, in the midst of the judges he judges” (Psalms 82). 4) On the fourth day they used to say: “O Lord, God to whom vengeance belongs. God to whom vengeance belongs, shine forth” (Psalms 94). 5) On the fifth day they used to say: “Sing aloud unto God our strength, shout unto the God …

    Hebrew: Torat Emet 357 (Public Domain) · English: Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp (CC-BY) · via Sefaria

    Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.

  11. 11

    On the words

    המבול בא לטהר את הארץ

    How it connects

    The Talmud discusses whether the Flood came down on the Land of Israel, citing Ezekiel’s description of it as “a land that is not cleansed” by rain on the day of wrath, which implies that the Flood waters cleansed the earth. The Kehot note gives it as the source that the Flood came to purify.our note

    The source

    Zevachim 113a:10–11זבחים קי״ג א:י׳-י״אSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    אָמַר מָר, אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: וַהֲלֹא כׇּל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּדוּקָה הִיא. בְּמַאי קָמִיפַּלְגִי? מָר סָבַר: יָרַד מַבּוּל לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, וּמָר סָבַר: לֹא יָרַד. אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק, וּשְׁנֵיהֶם מִקְרָא אֶחָד דָּרְשׁוּ: ״בֶּן אָדָם אֱמׇר לָהּ אַתְּ אֶרֶץ לֹא מְטֹהָרָה הִיא לֹא גֻשְׁמָהּ בְּיוֹם זָעַם״.

    Hebrew: William Davidson, Vocalized Aramaic (CC-BY-NC) · via Sefaria

    Where the note points

    Torah Chaim, by the Mitteler Rebbeתורת חיים

    59b

    Our explanationA parallel discussion by the Mitteler Rebbe of the Flood as a purification of the earth.

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)
    Or HaTorah, by the Tzemach Tzedekאור התורה

    Bereishis, 624a

    Our explanationThe Tzemach Tzedek’s discussion of the Flood’s purifying purpose.

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)
    Sefer HaMaamarim 5627, by the Rebbe Maharashספר המאמרים תרכ״ז

    p. 7

    Our explanationA further discussion of the Flood as purification, by the Rebbe Maharash.

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)
    Sefer HaMaamarim 5639, by the Rebbe Maharashספר המאמרים תרל״ט

    vol. 2, p. 524

    Our explanationThe same maamar cited earlier for this maamar as a whole also treats the Flood’s purpose.

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)
    Sefer HaMaamarim 5645, by the Rebbe Rashabספר המאמרים תרמ״ה

    printed in Sefer HaMaamarim — Likkut, vol. 2, p. 29

    Our explanationIt adds, in the note’s words: the Flood was not, as people think, only to destroy the sinners, for if that alone were the purpose, the Holy One, blessed be He, who is all-powerful, could have destroyed them in one moment. This is the question of our paragraph.

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)
    Likkutei Sichos, by the Lubavitcher Rebbeלקוטי שיחות

    vol. 25, p. 26; vol. 30, p. 16 ff., and the sources cited there in note 9

    Our explanationThe Rebbe’s talks on the Flood as purification rather than only punishment.

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)

    Kehot’s note

    זבחים קיג, א. ראה בתו״ח נט, ב, ובאוה״ת בראשית תרכד, א. בסה״מ תרכ״ז ע׳ ז. ובסה״מ תרל״ט ח״ב ע׳ תקכד.

    בסה״מ תרמ״ה (נדפס בסה״מ ליקוט ח״ב ע׳ כט) מוסיף: לא כמו שסוברים העולם שהמבול הי׳ רק בכדי להאביד החוטאים דאם רק זה הי׳ הכוונה בלבד הרי הקב״ה שהוא כל יכול הי׳ יכול להאבידם ברגע אחד, ע״ש.

    ראה גם לקו״ש חכ״ה ע׳ 26. וראה לקו״ש ח״ל ע׳ 16 ואילך, וראה שם בהמצוין בהערה 9.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  12. 12

    On the words

    כי מלאה הארץ חמס

    How it connects

    G‑d tells Noach He will destroy the world “for the earth is filled with violence.” The maamar reads this as the reason the earth itself needed to be cleansed.our note

    The source

    Genesis 6:13בראשית ו׳:י״גSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    12וַיַּרְא אֱלֹקִים אֶת־הָאָרֶץ וְהִנֵּה נִשְׁחָתָה כִּי־הִשְׁחִית כׇּל־בָּשָׂר אֶת־דַּרְכּוֹ עַל־הָאָרֶץ: 13וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹקִים לְנֹחַ קֵץ כׇּל־בָּשָׂר בָּא לְפָנַי כִּי־מָלְאָה הָאָרֶץ חָמָס מִפְּנֵיהֶם וְהִנְנִי מַשְׁחִיתָם אֶת־הָאָרֶץ: 14עֲשֵׂה לְךָ תֵּבַת עֲצֵי־גֹפֶר קִנִּים תַּעֲשֶׂה אֶת־הַתֵּבָה וְכָפַרְתָּ אֹתָהּ מִבַּיִת וּמִחוּץ בַּכֹּפֶר:

    12… and, behold, it was corrupt; for all flesh had corrupted their way upon the earth. . 13And God said unto Noah: ‘The end of all flesh is come before Me; for the earth is filled with violence through them; and, behold, I will destroy them with the earth. 14Make thee an ark of gopher wood; with rooms shalt thou make the ark, and shalt …

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

    Kehot’s note

    בראשית ו, יג.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  13. 13

    On the words

    והי׳ נצרך לטהרה ולזאת בא המבול

    How it connects

    Another maamar of the Alter Rebbe on why the earth needed cleansing and the Flood came.our note

    Where the note points

    Maamarei Admur HaZaken — HaParshiyosמאמרי אדמו״ר הזקן — פרשיות

    vol. 1, p. 60

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)
    Or HaTorah, by the Tzemach Tzedekאור התורה

    Bamidbar, p. 260

    Our explanationA parallel discussion of the Flood’s need to purify the earth.

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)
    Maamarei Admur HaEmtzai, by the Mitteler Rebbeמאמרי אדמו״ר האמצעי

    Bereishis, p. 101

    Our explanationThe Mitteler Rebbe explains, as the note quotes, that all the evil people do, and even that of animals and beasts, is in the earth, and in the Flood the evil was taken from the earth by washing it in water.

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)

    Kehot’s note

    ראה במאמרי אדה״ז פרשיות ח״א ע׳ ס. אוה״ת במדבר ע׳ רס. ובמאמרי אדה״א בראשית ע׳ קא ”שכל הרע שבני אדם עושין ואפי׳ הרע של חיות ובהמות הכל הוא בארץ . . ובמבול נלקח הרע מן הארץ ע״י רחיצה במים”.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  14. 14

    On the words

    כדוגמת המקוה מ׳ סאה

    How it connects

    The Tzemach Tzedek raises a difficulty: the Midrashim compare the Flood to “forty lashes,” a punishment, not a mikveh.our note

    Where the note points

    Or HaTorah, by the Tzemach Tzedekאור התורה

    Bereishis, vol. 3, 624a

    Our explanationHe suggests that it may be in the manner of “who can bring the pure out of the impure.”

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)
    Likkutei Sichos, by the Lubavitcher Rebbeלקוטי שיחות

    vol. 1, p. 4

    Our explanationThe Rebbe’s talk on Parshas Noach that develops the comparison between the Flood and the mikveh.

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)

    Kehot’s note

    ראה אוה״ת בראשית ח״ג תרכד, א שצ״ע לפי המדרשים דהמבול כענין ארבעים יכנו, ומתרץ שאפשר לומר שזהו ע״ד מי יתן טהור מטמא, ע״ש. לקו״ש ח״א ע׳ 4.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  15. 15

    How it connects

    “I will sprinkle pure water upon you, and you shall be pure.” The verse shows water as G‑d’s instrument of purification, which the maamar applies to the Flood.our note

    The source

    Ezekiel 36:25יחזקאל ל״ו:כ״הSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    24וְלָקַחְתִּי אֶתְכֶם מִן־הַגּוֹיִם וְקִבַּצְתִּי אֶתְכֶם מִכׇּל־הָאֲרָצוֹת וְהֵבֵאתִי אֶתְכֶם אֶל־אַדְמַתְכֶם: 25וְזָרַקְתִּי עֲלֵיכֶם מַיִם טְהוֹרִים וּטְהַרְתֶּם מִכֹּל טֻמְאוֹתֵיכֶם וּמִכׇּל־גִּלּוּלֵיכֶם אֲטַהֵר אֶתְכֶם: 26וְנָתַתִּי לָכֶם לֵב חָדָשׁ וְרוּחַ חֲדָשָׁה אֶתֵּן בְּקִרְבְּכֶם וַהֲסִרֹתִי אֶת־לֵב הָאֶבֶן מִבְּשַׂרְכֶם וְנָתַתִּי לָכֶם לֵב בָּשָׂר:

    24… and gather you out of all the countries, and will bring you into your own land. 25And I will sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean; from all your uncleannesses, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you. 26A new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within …

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

  16. 16

    On the words

    וכמארז״ל שבחר לו א״א שעבוד

    How it connects

    The Midrash relates that Avraham was shown Gehinnom and the subjugation to the kingdoms, and chose the subjugation for his descendants. The Alter Rebbe equates that servitude with the burden of earning a living.our note

    The source

    Bereshit Rabbah 44:21בראשית רבה מ״ד:כ״אSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    Kehot’s note

    ב״ר פמ״ד, כא.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  17. 17

    On the words

    וכמו שאמרו גבי אחר . . כמ״ש במ״א

    How it connects

    After Elisha ben Avuyah (Acher) died, it was said: “Better that he be judged and come to the World to Come.” The maamar uses it to show that passing through judgment is the path to the higher reward.our note

    The source

    Chagigah 15b:3–4חגיגה ט״ו ב:ג׳-ד׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    כִּי נָח נַפְשֵׁיהּ דְּאַחֵר, אָמְרִי: לָא מֵידָן לִידַיְּינֵיהּ, וְלָא לְעָלְמָא דְּאָתֵי לֵיתֵי. לָא מֵידָן לִידַיְּינֵיהּ — מִשּׁוּם דַּעֲסַק בְּאוֹרָיְיתָא, וְלָא לְעָלְמָא דְּאָתֵי לֵיתֵי — מִשּׁוּם דַּחֲטָא. אֲמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר: מוּטָב דְּלִידַיְּינֵיהּ וְלֵיתֵי לְעָלְמָא דְּאָתֵי. מָתַי אָמוּת, וְאַעֲלֶה עָשָׁן מִקִּבְרוֹ. כִּי נָח נַפְשֵׁיהּ דְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר סְלֵיק קוּטְרָא מִקִּבְרֵיהּ דְּאַחֵר. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: גְּבוּרְתָּא לְמִיקְלֵי רַבֵּיהּ? חַד הֲוָה בֵּינַנָא וְלָא מָצֵינַן לְאַצּוֹלֵיהּ? אִינְקְטֵיהּ בְּיָד, מַאן מַרְמֵי לֵקהּ מִן. אָמַר: מָתַי אָמוּת, וַאֲכַבֶּה עָשָׁן מִקִּבְרוֹ. כִּי נָח …

    When Acher died, they said, "We cannot judge him to punishment [in Gehinnom], but we cannot enter him into the World to Come. We cannot judge him to punishment, because he toiled in Torah; we cannot enter him into the World to Come, because he sinned." Rabbi Meir said, "It is better that they sentence him [so as to purge him of his sins], and he should go to the World to Come [afterwards]. When I die, I will raise smoke from his grave." When Rabbi Meir passed away, smoke came out from the grave of Acher. Rabbi Yochanan said, "Is it a feat to burn one's teacher!? There was one between us [Torah scholars]; can we not save him? If I took him in the hand [and lead him out of Gehinnom], who would …

    Hebrew: William Davidson, Vocalized Aramaic (CC-BY-NC) · English: Sefaria Community Translation (CC0) · via Sefaria

    Where the note points

    Likkutei Torahלקוטי תורה

    Beshalach 1d; Behar 41b; and in many places

    תענוג באופן אחר מה שאין ערוך אליו כלל כל עניני התענוגים שבעוה״ז. ולכן ארז״ל גבי אלישע אחר מוטב דלדייניה וליתי לעלמא דאתי אשר כדאי כל יסורי גיהנם כל י״ב חדש מה שאש שלנו אחד מששים באש של גיהנם בשביל שיקבל העונג גם בג״ע התחתון, אבל ג״ע העליון הוא תענוג עליון למעלה מעלה מג״ע התחתון עד שיש נהר דינור המפסיק ביניהם שצריך לטבול בו כדי לשכוח התענוג שבג״ע התחתון בבואו לג״ע העליון כדי שלא יבלבלנו שם עמ״ש מזה בת״א בד״ה מראיהם ומעשיהם, ועד״ז יש עליות לאין קץ כו׳ יהללוך סלה והכל הוא רק בהתפשטות הארה משמו ית׳ וזהו ענין סלה שהוא מורה על התגלות הארה מעתיק המלובש בבינה ע׳ בפרדס בעה״כ ערך סלה ובזהר פ׳ ויקרא דף ך׳ ע״א ובמק״מ שם והיינו כי מקור כל התענוגים הוא בחי׳ אורו וזיוו ית׳ …

    Our explanationThere the Alter Rebbe explains that Acher’s judgment in Gehinnom was worthwhile for the delight of the lower Garden of Eden, and that between the lower and higher Garden of Eden flows the River of Fire, in which the soul immerses to forget the lesser delight so that it will not disturb it above. This is the “elsewhere” our text refers to.

    Open it on Sefaria (opens in a new tab)
    Torah Ohrתורה אור

    later, 32d; 73c

    מ״ע הם רמ״ח אברין דמלכא וע״י המשכת המצות ממילא נמשך אחריו בחי׳ יחודו ית׳ בעצמו ובכבודו בבחינת יחודו כנ״ל: ת״ר מצות נר חנוכה כו׳. בש״א יום ראשון מדליק ח׳ מכאן ואילך פוחת והולך (כמו בפרי החג). ובה״א יום ראשון מדליק א׳ מכאן ואילך מוסיף והולך (מעלין בקודש כו׳). להבין מה ענין נר חנוכה לפרי החג נקדים מ״ש נר מצוה ותורה אור שהמצות נק׳ נר וגם כתיב נר ה׳ נשמת אדם שהנשמה נק׳ נר. ובזוהר מבואר שהמצות נק׳ לבושין אשר הנשמה מתלבשת בהן בג״ע וצריכה הנשמה לקיים תרי״ג מצות בכדי שיהיה המלבוש בשלימות ואם חסר א׳ מהמצות חסר לבושו לכן צריכה לבא עוד לקיים המצוה ההיא שחסרה בכדי להשלים המלבוש. ולבאר ענין הלבוש לנשמה בג״ע. דהנה בג״ע הנשמות נהנין מזיו השכינה וענין הזיו הוא הארה מאור א״ס ומתענגים הנשמות בג״ע שמשיגים …

    Our explanationIn the Chanukah maamar of Miketz the Alter Rebbe discusses the souls in the Garden of Eden delighting in the radiance of the Shechinah, a light from the Infinite Light, and the garments of the mitzvos that make this possible.

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    Kehot’s note

    חגיגה טו, ב. ראה לקו״ת בשלח א, ד. בהר מא, ב ובכ״מ. וראה לקמן לב, ד. עג, ג.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

What the servitude is ¶4

4והנה שעבוד אין הפי׳ מה שיש עלינו עתה מלך ושנוטל מאתנו מס שגם בזמן בהמ״ק היה עלינו מלך ישראל והמס היה ביותר כידוע שחלק עשירי הוצרך כ״א ליתן.

Now, “servitude” does not mean that there is now a king over us and that he takes tax from us, for in the time of the Holy Temple too there was a king of Israel over us, and the tax was even greater, as is known, for each person had to give a tenth part.

Explanation

The Alter Rebbe clarifies what “servitude” means here. It is not political subjugation or taxation: in the days of the Temple, too, Israel had a king who taxed them, even more heavily, taking a tenth.

אלא הכוונה היא שבזמן שבהמ״ק היה קיים היה נמשך ברכה והשפע׳ עצומה עד שא״י היתה ארץ זבת חלב ודבש כו׳

Rather, the intent is that when the Holy Temple stood, blessing and an immense flow of bounty were drawn down, until the Land of Israel was “a land flowing with milk and honey,” etc.,

Explanation

The real difference is that when the Temple stood, G‑d’s blessing flowed down so abundantly that the Land of Israel literally was “a land flowing with milk and honey.”

שלא ע״פ הטבע כלל כמ״ש בגמ׳ סוף מסכת כתובות ולא היה כלל דאגות וטרדת הפרנסה.

not by way of nature at all, as is stated in the Gemara at the end of Tractate Kesubos; and there were no worries or preoccupation with livelihood at all.

Explanation

That abundance was supernatural, as the Talmud describes at the end of Tractate Kesubos, so people had no anxiety about making a living. The “servitude” of exile, then, is the worry and toil of earning a living that came when that open blessing ceased.

Paragraph 4 in brief

The paragraph defines the “servitude” of exile not as foreign rule or taxes but as the toil and worry of earning a living, which did not exist when the Temple stood and blessing flowed openly.

Deeper

A Kehot note brings the Rebbe’s refinement: the servitude is the preoccupation itself, when a person pours the intellect G‑d gave him, the “waters,” into his livelihood until he is consumed by it, rather than the material things as such.

Marei mekomos

  1. 1

    On the words

    שעבוד אין הפי׳ . . כ״א ליתן

    How it connects

    The Rebbe explains that the servitude refers to the preoccupation itself, not to material things as such: a person uses the intellect G‑d gave him, the level of “water,” for matters of livelihood until he becomes consumed by them.our note

    Where the note points

    The Rebbe’s maamar “כי ידעתיו” (5736)ד״ה כי ידעתיו תשל״ו

    A maamar of the Rebbe, 5736

    Find it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)
    Or HaTorah, by the Tzemach Tzedekאור התורה

    Parshas Shemini, p. 485

    Our explanationFor comparison: the Tzemach Tzedek observes that a physical ruler desires ever more taxes to burden Israel, whereas he has no wish to burden a non-Jew who lives from his own land; he gives the reason there.

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)

    Kehot’s note

    בד״ה כי ידעתיו תשל״ו מפרש ”אלא הכוונה היא על ענין הטרדה שבזה, מה שהאדם מוטרד בזה וכו׳, ולא על עצם הענינים הגשמיים, והטרדה הוא באופן שמשתמש בהשכל שנתן לו הקב״ה, בחי׳ מים, בעניני פרנסה, ועד שנעשה מוטרד בזה” (מהנחה בלתי מוגה).

    להעיר מאוה״ת פ׳ שמיני ע׳ תפה ”כי הנה אנו רואים שהשר הגשמי יותר יחפוץ וישתוקק בעול המסים בריבוי אחר ריבוי להכביד על ישראל כו׳ משא״כ בנכרי המתפרנס מקרקעו אינו חפץ כלל להגביר עליו כו׳”. וע״ש הטעם.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  2. 2

    How it connects

    The end of Tractate Kesubos describes the supernatural fertility of the Land of Israel and its produce in the future and in earlier times; the Alter Rebbe cites it for the blessing that made worry about livelihood unknown when the Temple stood.our note

    The source

    Ketubot 111b:23כתובות קי״א ב:כ״גSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    אָמַר רַבִּי יַעֲקֹב בֶּן דּוֹסְתַּאי: מִלּוֹד לְאוֹנוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה מִילִין, פַּעַם אַחַת קִדַּמְתִּי בַּנֶּשֶׁף וְהָלַכְתִּי עַד קַרְסוּלַּיי בִּדְבַשׁ שֶׁל תְּאֵינִים. אָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ: לְדִידִי חֲזֵי לִי ״זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָשׁ״ שֶׁל צִפּוֹרִי, וְהָוֵי שִׁיתְּסַר מִילִין אַשִּׁיתְּסַר מִילִין. אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר בַּר חָנָה: לְדִידִי חֲזֵי לִי ״זָבַת חָלָב וּדְבָשׁ״ שֶׁל כׇּל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל,

    Hebrew: William Davidson, Vocalized Aramaic (CC-BY-NC) · via Sefaria

  3. 3

    On the words

    שלא ע״פ הטבע כלל כמ״ש בגמרא סוף מס׳ כתובות

    How it connects

    A variant: the early transcript does not have the words “not by way of nature at all, as is stated in the Gemara at the end of Tractate Kesubos.”our note

    Where the note points

    Sefer HaMaamarim — Hanachos HaRap (transcripts by R. Pinchas Reizes of the Alter Rebbe’s maamarim)ספר המאמרים הנחות הר״פ

    the transcript of this maamar

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)

    Kehot’s note

    בהנחת הר״פ ליתא.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

Light out of darkness ¶5–7

5ועתה יש לכאו״א יגיעות וטרדת הפרנסה לעסוק בעניני עוה״ז הגשמי והוא בחי׳ מים רבים הנ״ל שנק׳ מי נח

Now, each and every person has toil and the preoccupation of earning a livelihood, occupying himself with the matters of this physical world; and this is the level of the “many waters” mentioned above, which are called “the waters of Noach,”

Explanation

The Alter Rebbe returns to the present: since the Temple’s destruction every person must labour and worry to make a living. This, he says, is exactly what the verse calls “many waters” and Isaiah calls “the waters of Noach.”

שהוא בחי׳ נייחא דרוחא לפי שע״י בחי׳ מים רבים הנ״ל מתעלית הנשמה למדרגה היותר גבוה מקודם התלבשותה כו׳ שהיתה רק נהנית מזיו השכינה כו׳

which is the level of naycha d’rucha, because through the level of the “many waters” mentioned above the soul is raised to a higher level than [it had] before its enclothement, etc., when it merely delighted in the radiance of the Shechinah, etc.

Explanation

They are called waters of “rest” because they bring the soul to a higher satisfaction than it knew before it came into a body. Then it merely enjoyed G‑d’s radiance; now, through its struggle in the world, it can rise above that.

וכמארז״ל יפה שעה אחת בתשובה ומע״ט בעוה״ז מכל חיי העוה״ב לפי שהוא בחי׳ יתרון האור מתוך החושך דוקא שהוא בחינת אתכפייא סט״א ואתהפכא חשוכא כו׳

As our Sages, of blessed memory, said: “One hour of teshuvah and good deeds in this world is better than all the life of the World to Come,” because this is the level of the advantage of light [that comes] specifically out of darkness, which is the level of the subjugation of the sitra achra (iskafya) and the transformation of darkness (is’hapcha chashocha), etc.

Explanation

The Mishnah’s teaching that one hour of teshuvah and good deeds in this world outweighs all of the World to Come expresses this. The advantage comes from “light out of darkness”: iskafya, subduing the sitra achra (the forces opposed to holiness), and is’hapcha chashocha, transforming darkness itself into light, produce a light greater than light that never met darkness.

שכשעוסק כל היום בענינים גשמיים בטרדת הפרנסה שהם הנק׳ חשך ומתבונן אח״כ בתפלה איך שאין לך עשב מלמטה שאין לו מזל מלמעלה כו׳

For when one is occupied all day with physical matters, in the preoccupation of earning a livelihood, which are what is called “darkness,” and afterward contemplates in prayer how “there is no blade of grass below that does not have a mazal above,” etc. —

Explanation

Now he describes how this happens in practice. A person spends the day absorbed in business, the “darkness”; then in prayer he reflects on the Sages’ teaching that every blade of grass has a mazal, a spiritual force above, that tells it to grow.

שהם המזלות שהם המשפיעים חיות כל עוה״ז וכמ״ש (דברים לג) וממגד תבואות שמש וממגד גרש כו׳

these are the mazalos, which channel life-force to this entire world, as it is written (Deuteronomy 33), “And with the bounty of the produce of the sun, and with the bounty of the yield of [the moons],” etc. —

Explanation

The mazalos are the celestial forces (associated with the constellations) through which life-force is channelled to everything in this world. Moshe’s blessing to Yosef, which speaks of the produce ripened by the sun and the moons, shows that the heavenly bodies govern the earth’s growth.

והמזלות הם מקבלים מע׳ שרים והשרים מקבלים משמרי אופנים והם מקבלים מהמלאכים וגבוה מעל גבוה עד שכולם מקבלים מבחי׳ מלכותו ית׳

and the mazalos receive from the seventy princes, and the princes receive from the guardians of the Ofanim, and they receive from the angels, one higher than the other, until all of them receive from the level of His Malchus (sovereignty), blessed be He,

Explanation

The contemplation climbs the chain of influence: the mazalos draw from the seventy angelic “princes” appointed over the nations, those from higher angels (the “guardians of the Ofanim”), and so on upward, each receiving from the one above it, until all draw from G‑d’s Malchus, His sovereignty, the attribute through which He creates and rules the worlds.

וכמ״ש מלכותך מלכות כל עולמים שמהווה את כל העולמות מאין ליש ממש והוא רק בחי׳ זיו השכינה בלבד שאינו

as it is written, “Your kingship is a kingship over all worlds,” which brings all the worlds into being from nothing into actual something; and this is only the level of the radiance of the Shechinah alone, which is

Explanation

Malchus is the power that brings all worlds from absolute nothingness into existence, as the verse “Your kingship is a kingship over all worlds” says. Yet this whole creative power is only the “radiance of the Shechinah,” the light that shines outward from G‑d.

אלא בחי׳ זיו והארה בעלמא בלבד לגבי מהותו ועצמותו יתב׳ כביכול שהוא בבחי׳ א״ס ממש היה הוה ויהיה בלי שינוי ממש וכמאמר אתה הוא קודם שנברא ואתה הוא לאחר שנברא כו׳.

nothing but the level of a mere radiance and glow alone relative to His essence and being, blessed be He, as it were, which is on the level of the Infinite One (Ein Sof) in the full sense — [Who] was, is and will be without any change at all; as the saying goes, “You are He before [the world] was created, and You are He after it was created,” etc.

Explanation

Compared with G‑d’s own essence, that radiance is a mere glow. His essence is truly infinite and unchanged by creation, as the liturgy says: You were the same before the world was created and after it was created.

ואחרי התבוננו׳ כל הנ״ל בעומק הדעת תתעורר נפשו בבחי׳ אה׳ ותשוקה נפלאה כרשפי אש לצאת מתוך החשך והעלם הגשמי הזה ורק לדבקה בו ית׳

After contemplating all the above in the depth of Daas (knowledge), his soul will be aroused with love and wondrous longing, like sparks of fire, to go out of this darkness and physical concealment and only to cleave to Him, blessed be He,

Explanation

When a person contemplates this deeply, not superficially, his soul is set aflame with love and longing, “like sparks of fire,” recalling the maamar’s opening verse. He wants to break out of the darkness and concealment of the physical world and cleave only to G‑d.

וכמ״ש (תהלים עג) מי לי בשמים ועמך לא חפצתי כו׳ שלא יחפוץ כלל לא בג״ע התחתון ולא בג״ע העליון שהם רק בחי׳ זיו והארה בלבד

as it is written (Psalms 73), “Whom have I in heaven? And besides You I desire nothing,” etc. — that he should not desire at all either the lower Garden of Eden or the higher Garden of Eden, which are only the level of radiance and glow alone,

Explanation

The Psalmist’s cry “Whom have I in heaven? And besides You I desire nothing” expresses this love. Such a person does not want even the lower or higher Garden of Eden, the spiritual rewards of the souls, because they too are only G‑d’s radiance and not G‑d Himself.

וכמארז״ל צדיקים יושבים וכו׳ ונהנין מזיו השכינה כ״א לדבקה בו ית׳ ליכלל בבחי׳ מהותו ועצמותו ית׳ ונק׳ בזה״ק לאשתאבא בגופא דמלכא כו׳

as our Sages, of blessed memory, said, “The righteous sit, etc., and delight in the radiance of the Shechinah” — but only to cleave to Him, blessed be He, to be absorbed in the level of His essence and being, blessed be He; and in the holy Zohar this is called “to be absorbed into the body of the King,” etc.

Explanation

The Talmud describes the World to Come as the righteous enjoying “the radiance of the Shechinah”; this love wants more than radiance. It wants to be absorbed into G‑d’s very essence, what the Zohar calls being “absorbed into the body of the King.”

ונק׳ בחי׳ אהבה זו בחי׳ תשובה שהוא בחילא יתיר שבאה דוקא מתוך החשך שהיה עוסק רק בענינים גשמיים והבלי עולם.

This love is called the level of teshuvah, which is “with greater strength,” for it comes specifically out of the darkness, when he was occupied only with physical matters and the vanities of the world.

Explanation

This love is a form of teshuvah, return to G‑d. The Zohar says that those who return serve “with greater strength” than the perfectly righteous, because their love bursts out of the darkness in which they had been immersed in material affairs.

לפי שיתרון האור הוא מתוך החשך דוקא. ונק׳ אהבה זו בחי׳ בכל מאדך שהוא בלי גבול ממש שבאה דוקא מן ההפוך שהוא החשך

For the advantage of light is specifically out of darkness. And this love is called the level of “with all your might (me’odecha),” which is truly without limit, for it comes specifically from the opposite, which is the darkness,

Explanation

Since light born from darkness is greater, this love is called “with all your might (me’odecha),” the third and highest level of love in the Shema, meaning love without limit. It is unlimited precisely because it emerges from its opposite.

וכמ״ש טוב זה מלאך חיים (טוב) מאד זה מה״מ שע״י ההפוך והחשך דוקא שהוא בחי׳ נה״ב יכולים לבא לבחי׳ אהבת בכל מאדך שהוא בלי גבול ממש.

as it is written, “‘Good’ — this is the angel of life; ‘very (me’od) (good)’ — this is the angel of death”: for through the opposite and the darkness specifically, which is the level of the animal soul, one can come to the level of the love “with all your might,” which is truly without limit.

Explanation

The Sages read G‑d’s verdict on creation, “very good,” as including even the angel of death: “good” is the angel of life, “very” is the angel of death. The Alter Rebbe applies this to the animal soul: the very opposition it presents is what makes possible the “very,” the limitless love of “with all your might.”

והיינו לפי שבשרשה למעלה מעלה שורש נה״ב גבוה יותר מבחי׳ נפש האלקית וכמ״ש (בראשי׳ לו) ואלה המל׳ אשר מלכו כו׳

That is, because in its root, very high above, the root of the animal soul is higher than the level of the G‑dly soul, as it is written (Genesis 36), “And these are the kings who reigned,” etc.,

Explanation

The reason is surprising: at its ultimate root, the animal soul stems from a level higher than the G‑dly soul. The proof is the Torah’s list of the kings of Edom who reigned “before any king reigned over Israel.”

לפני מלך מלך לבנ״י שהוא בחי׳ נפש האלקית רק שע״י שבה״כ נפלו למטה מטה כמ״ש וימלך וימת כו׳ אבל בשרשם הם למעלה מעלה מבחי׳ נפש האלקית.

“before any king reigned over the Children of Israel,” which is the level of the G‑dly soul; only that through the shattering of the vessels they fell very far down, as it is written, “And he reigned, and he died,” etc. But in their root they are far above the level of the G‑dly soul.

Explanation

In Kabbalah these Edomite kings represent the world of Tohu, a realm of intense lights that preceded the ordered world of Tikkun, to which the G‑dly soul (the “kings of Israel”) belongs. Tohu’s vessels could not contain its lights and shattered, hence the refrain “he reigned, and he died”; so the forces rooted in it fell very low, even though their origin is far above the G‑dly soul.

Paragraph 5 in brief

The paragraph shows how the “waters” of livelihood raise the soul: a person who spends the day in material “darkness” and then contemplates in prayer how all existence is a mere glow of G‑d is roused to a limitless love, the love of “with all your might,” which surpasses what the soul had before its descent because it draws on the animal soul, whose root is higher.

Deeper

The superiority of the animal soul’s root follows the Kabbalistic teaching of Tohu and Tikkun: “the kings who reigned in the land of Edom” are the lights of Tohu, greater than those of Tikkun, which fell through the shattering of the vessels. Because the struggle with the animal soul engages that higher root, iskafya and is’hapcha chashocha reveal a light that the G‑dly soul alone could not reach.

Marei mekomos

  1. 1

    On the words

    וכמארז״ל יפה שעה אחת . . מכל חיי העוה״ב

    How it connects

    Kehot’s marei makom for these words (its note is below).

    Kehot’s note

    אבות פ״ד, משנה יז.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  2. 2

    On the words

    יפה שעה אחת בתשובה ומע״ט בעוה״ז מכל חיי העוה״ב

    How it connects

    “Better is one hour of teshuvah and good deeds in this world than all the life of the World to Come.” The Alter Rebbe explains it through the advantage of light that comes out of darkness.our note

    The source

    Pirkei Avot 4:17משנה אבות ד׳:י״זSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, יָפָה שָׁעָה אַחַת בִּתְשׁוּבָה וּמַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, מִכָּל חַיֵּי הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא. וְיָפָה שָׁעָה אַחַת שֶׁל קוֹרַת רוּחַ בָּעוֹלָם הַבָּא, מִכָּל חַיֵּי הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה:

    He used to say: more precious is one hour in repentance and good deeds in this world, than all the life of the world to come; And more precious is one hour of the tranquility of the world to come, than all the life of this world.

    Hebrew: Torat Emet 357 (Public Domain) · English: Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp (CC-BY) · via Sefaria

    Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.

  3. 3

    On the words

    שאין לך עשב מלמטה

    How it connects

    The Midrash teaches that there is no blade of grass below without a mazal in the heavens that strikes it and says “grow.” The maamar uses it as the starting point of the contemplation in prayer.our note

    The source

    Bereshit Rabbah 10:6בראשית רבה י׳:ו׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    בר סירא אמר: אלוה העלה סמים מן הארץ, בהם הרופא מרפא את המכה, ובהם הרוקח מרקח את המרקחת. אמר רבי סימון: אין לך כל עשב ועשב, שאין לו מזל ברקיע, שמכה אותו ואומר לו גדל, הדא הוא דכתיב (שם לח): הידעת חקות שמים אם תשים משטרו בארץ וגו'. לשון שוטר (שם י). התקשר מעדנות כימה, או מושכות כסיל תפתח. רבי חנינא בר פפא ור' סימון אמר: כימה מעדנת את הפירות, וכסיל מושך בין קשר לקשר. הדא הוא דכתיב (שם): התוציא מזרות בעתו ועיש על בניה תנחם. רבי תנחום בר חייא ור' סימון אמרו: מזל הוא, שהוא ממזר את הפירות:

    Bar Sira said: God produced drugs from the earth with which the physician heals the wound, and with which the pharmacist mixes his compounds.38:4. Rabbi Simon said: There is not a single blade of grass that does not have a constellation in the firmament that strikes it and says to it: ‘Grow.’ That is what is written: “Do you know the rules of the heavens? Will you establish its dominion [mishtaro] on earth?” (Job 38:33). It is an expression of being in charge [shoter]. “Will you tie the chains of the Pleiades, or untie the reins of Orion?” (Job 38:31) – Rabbi Ḥanina bar Pappa and Rabbi Simon said: Pleiades renders fruits delicate and Orion draws it out from knot to knot. That is what is …

    Hebrew: Daat Bereshit Rabbah (Public Domain) · English: The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 (CC-BY) · via Sefaria

    Zohar I, 251aזח״א רנא, אSefaria (opens in a new tab)
    Zohar II, 172bזח״ב קעב, בSefaria (opens in a new tab)
    Chullin 40a:3–4חולין מ׳ א:ג׳-ד׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    אמר אביי לא קשיא הא דאמר להר הא דאמר לגדא דהר דיקא נמי דקתני דומיא דמיכאל שר הגדול ש"מ אמר רב הונא היתה בהמת חבירו רבוצה לפני עבודת כוכבים כיון ששחט בה סימן אחד אסרה סבר לה כי הא דאמר עולא אמר ר' יוחנן אע"פ שאמרו המשתחוה לבהמת חבירו לא אסרה עשה בה מעשה אסרה

    Hebrew: Wikisource Talmud Bavli (CC-BY-SA) · via Sefaria

    Where the note points

    Torah Ohrתורה אור

    later, 71a

    והנה המלאכים בקשו את התורה. ואמרו תנה הודך על השמים ולא נתנה להם. והטעם כי הנה התהוות המלאכי׳ הוא מבחי׳ הדבור כמ״ש וברוח פיו כל צבאם. ובחי׳ הדבור הוא בחי׳ עלמא דאתגליי׳ כמו הדבור הגשמי שבאדם עד״מ שהוא לבוש אמצעי של הנפש שאינו מתאחד כ״כ עם הנפש אלא הוא יוצא מההעלם אל הגילוי לחוץ לזולתו. ונעשה בחי׳ בפ״ע. משא״כ ישראל עלו במחשב׳ שהוא בחי׳ לבוש הפנימי שמתאחד עם הנפש והוא בחי׳ עלמא דאתכסייא. כי המחשבה הוא בבחי׳ העלם והמחשבה היא מתאחדת עם הנפש המשכלת תמיד בלי פירוד כי א״א להיות גילוי השכל כלל בלא מחשבה שמחשב ומהרהר בשכל זה. אבל באותיות הדבור אין השכל מתלבש אלא לפעמים כשעולה ברצונו לדבר. כך עד״מ למעלה יש בחי׳ אותיות כי אותיות הוא מלשון המשכות כמו אתא בקר. וכן ואתה מרבבת קדש כו׳. ויש …

    Our explanationThe note points to a later maamar in Torah Ohr, on Parshas Yisro, that also uses this saying; the passage there discusses how the angels come into being from Divine speech, the “revealed world,” while Israel arose in G‑d’s thought.

    Open it on Sefaria (opens in a new tab)
    Maamarei Admur HaEmtzai, by the Mitteler Rebbeמאמרי אדמו״ר האמצעי

    Bereishis, vol. 1, p. 66; Devarim, vol. 3, pp. 848, 876

    Our explanationThe Mitteler Rebbe shows that even inanimate things have a mazal, bringing proof from the Talmud (Chullin 40a) about slaughtering to the mazal of a mountain; and he explains that each mazal receives from the one above it, “one higher than the other,” as in our text.

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)
    Maamarei Admur HaZaken al Maamarei Razalמאמרי אדמו״ר הזקן על מאמרי רז״ל

    p. 135

    Our explanationThe Alter Rebbe’s own discussion of this saying of the Sages, in his maamarim on sayings of Chazal.

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)
    The Rebbe’s maamar “ויהי ביום השמיני” (5720)ד״ה ויהי ביום השמיני תש״כ

    A maamar of the Rebbe, 5720

    Find it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)

    Kehot’s note

    ב״ר פ״י, ו. זח״א רנא, א. זח״ב קעב, ב. לקמן עא, א. ועוד. וראה במאמרי אדה״א בראשית ח״א ע׳ סו שאף בדומם והביא ראיה מגמרא חולין מ, א לגדא דהר . . כי נפל מזל אותו ההר ע״ש.

    וראה גם במאמרי אדה״ז על מארז״ל ע׳ קלה. אדה״א דברים כרך ג ע׳ תתמח שהמזל מקבל מהעליון הימנו כי גבוה מעל גבוה ע״ש. וע׳ תתעו ד״ה ויהי ביום השמיני תש״כ.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  4. 4

    How it connects

    Moshe blesses Yosef’s land “with the bounty of the produce of the sun and the bounty of the yield of the moons.” The Alter Rebbe cites it to show that the heavenly bodies transmit life-force to this world.our note

    The source

    Deuteronomy 33:14דברים ל״ג:י״דSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    13וּלְיוֹסֵף אָמַר מְבֹרֶכֶת ה׳ אַרְצוֹ מִמֶּגֶד שָׁמַיִם מִטָּל וּמִתְּהוֹם רֹבֶצֶת תָּחַת: 14וּמִמֶּגֶד תְּבוּאֹת שָׁמֶשׁ וּמִמֶּגֶד גֶּרֶשׁ יְרָחִים: 15וּמֵרֹאשׁ הַרְרֵי־קֶדֶם וּמִמֶּגֶד גִּבְעוֹת עוֹלָם:

    13… For the precious things of heaven, for the dew, And for the deep that coucheth beneath, 14And for the precious things of the fruits of the sun, And for the precious things of the yield of the moons, 15And for the tops of the ancient mountains, And for the precious things of the everlasting hills,

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

  5. 5

    On the words

    מלכותך מלכות כל עולמים

    How it connects

    “Your kingship is a kingship over all worlds.” The maamar reads it as G‑d’s Malchus, the attribute that brings all worlds into being.our note

    The source

    Psalms 145:13תהילים קמ״ה:י״גSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    12לְהוֹדִיעַ לִבְנֵי הָאָדָם גְּבוּרֹתָיו וּכְבוֹד הֲדַר מַלְכוּתוֹ: 13מַלְכוּתְךָ מַלְכוּת כׇּל־עֹלָמִים וּמֶמְשַׁלְתְּךָ בְּכׇל־דּוֹר וָדֹר: 14סוֹמֵךְ ה׳ לְכׇל־הַנֹּפְלִים וְזוֹקֵף לְכׇל־הַכְּפוּפִים:

    12… the sons of men His mighty acts, And the glory of the majesty of His kingdom. 13Thy kingdom is a kingdom for all ages, And Thy dominion endureth throughout all generations. 14The LORD upholdeth all that fall, And raiseth up all those that are bowed down.

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

    Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.

  6. 6

    How it connects

    “Whom have I in heaven? And besides You I desire nothing on earth.” It expresses the love that wants G‑d Himself, not even the spiritual delights of the Garden of Eden.our note

    The source

    Psalms 73:25תהילים ע״ג:כ״הSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    24בַּעֲצָתְךָ תַנְחֵנִי וְאַחַר כָּבוֹד תִּקָּחֵנִי: 25מִי־לִי בַשָּׁמָיִם וְעִמְּךָ לֹא־חָפַצְתִּי בָאָרֶץ: 26כָּלָה שְׁאֵרִי וּלְבָבִי צוּר־לְבָבִי וְחֶלְקִי אֱלֹקִים לְעוֹלָם:

    24Thou wilt guide me with Thy counsel, And afterward receive me with glory. 25Whom have I in heaven but Thee? And beside Thee I desire none upon earth. 26My flesh and my heart faileth; But God is the rock of my heart and my …

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

  7. 7

    On the words

    צדיקים יושבים

    How it connects

    In the World to Come “the righteous sit with their crowns on their heads and delight in the radiance of the Shechinah.” The Alter Rebbe calls this only radiance, less than what the love of “with all your might” seeks.our note

    The source

    Berakhot 17a:12ברכות י״ז א:י״בSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    מַרְגְּלָא בְּפוּמֵּיהּ דְּרַב: לֹא כָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא. הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא אֵין בּוֹ לֹא אֲכִילָה וְלֹא שְׁתִיָּהּ וְלֹא פְּרִיָּה וּרְבִיָּה וְלֹא מַשָּׂא וּמַתָּן וְלֹא קִנְאָה וְלֹא שִׂנְאָה וְלֹא תַּחֲרוּת, אֶלָּא צַדִּיקִים יוֹשְׁבִין וְעַטְרוֹתֵיהֶם בְּרָאשֵׁיהֶם וְנֶהֱנִים מִזִּיו הַשְּׁכִינָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיֶּחֱזוּ אֶת הָאֱלֹקִים וַיֹּאכְלוּ וַיִּשְׁתּוּ״.

    It was a favourite saying of Rab : Not like this world is the world to come. In the world to come there is neither eating nor drinking; no procreation of children or business transactions; no envy or hatred or rivalry ; but the righteous sit enthroned, their crowns on their heads, and enjoy the lustre of the Shekinah; as it is said, "And they beheld God, and did eat and drink" (Exod. xxiv. ll).

    Hebrew: William Davidson, Vocalized Aramaic (CC-BY-NC) · English: Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen, Cambridge University Press, 1921 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

    Kehot’s note

    ברכות יז, א.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  8. 8

    On the words

    לאשתאבא בגופא דמלכא

    How it connects

    The Zohar speaks of the soul being “absorbed into the body of the King.” The maamar uses it for the soul’s longing to be absorbed in G‑d’s very essence.our note

    The source

    Zohar I, 217bזח״א ריז, בSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    Where the note points

    Likkutei Torahלקוטי תורה

    Behar, 40a

    וכמ״ש אם זכרתיך על יצועי באשמורות אהגה בך. וכתיב בשבתך בביתך ובלכתך בדרך ובשכבך ובקומך. והוא ע״ד משל כאהבת אח ואחות שהאהבה ביניהם קבועה ונטועה מעצמה בטבע בתולדותם בלי שום התעוררות כלל, וזו היא אהבה האמיתית מנקודת אמת לאמתו שאין לה הפסק ועומדת לעד. משא״כ כשאין אהבה זו קבועה ונטועה בלב האדם כ״א בשעה שמעורר את האהבה בעתים מזומנים בשעת ק״ש ותפלה וכיוצא בו ואח״כ חולפת ועוברת ממנו אין אהבה זו נקראת בשם אהבת אמת לאמתו, דהיינו מנקודת האמת ממש כ״א בשם שפת אמת מלשון שפה לפיו שהוא אימרא שסביב הבגד דהיינו שפת הבגד וקצהו. כך ע״ד משל האהבה הזאת הבאה בעת התעוררות היא שפת האמת וקצהו דהיינו התחלת האמת אבל אינו נקרא בשם אמת גמור לאמתו. ולכן אמרו בזהר (ר״פ תשא ד׳ קפ״ח וע״ש במק״מ ובהרמ״ז) שפת אמת תכון …

    Our explanationThe note says the Alter Rebbe there explains how the soul, which is a created being with its own existence, can nevertheless be “absorbed into the body of the King.”

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    Torah Ohrתורה אור

    later, 71a

    לעוה״ז להתלבש בגוף ונפש החיונית ירידה זו צורך עלייה היא דהיינו להעלותה מבחי׳ איהו וגרמוהי לבחי׳ איהו וחיוהי ונק׳ בזוה״ק לאשתאבא בגופא דמלכא דהיינו להיות כמו התאחדות הגוף עם הנפש בהתלבשותה בו שכל כאב ומכה אשר בגוף ח״ו מרגשת הנפש ומתפעלת ממקרי הגוף לפי שהם מתאחדים

    Our explanationThere the soul’s descent into a body and vital soul is called a descent for the sake of ascent: it is raised from G‑d’s attributes to His very life, which the Zohar calls “being absorbed into the body of the King,” a union like that of soul and body, where the soul feels everything the body feels.

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    Torah Ohr, Yisro, maamar 7לקמן עא, א

    page 71a, ¶7

    והנה המלאכים בקשו את התורה. ואמרו תנה הודך על השמים ולא נתנה להם. והטעם כי הנה התהוות המלאכי׳ הוא מבחי׳ הדבור כמ״ש וברוח פיו כל צבאם. ובחי׳ הדבור הוא בחי׳ עלמא דאתגליי׳ כמו הדבור הגשמי שבאדם עד״מ שהוא לבוש אמצעי של הנפש שאינו מתאחד כ״כ עם הנפש אלא הוא יוצא מההעלם אל הגילוי לחוץ לזולתו.

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    Kehot’s note

    זח״א ריז, ב. ראה לקו״ת בהר מ, א שמבאר איך הנשמה שהיא בחי׳ נברא יש ודבר בפני עצמו תוכל לאשתאבא. ע״ש. ראה לקמן עא, א.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  9. 9

    On the words

    בחילא יתיר

    How it connects

    The Zohar says that baalei teshuvah draw near to the King “with greater strength” than the perfectly righteous. The Alter Rebbe applies it to love that comes out of darkness.our note

    The source

    Zohar I, 129bזח״א קכט, בSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    Where the note points

    Maamarei Admur HaEmtzai, by the Mitteler Rebbeמאמרי אדמו״ר האמצעי

    Bereishis, p. 172

    Our explanationThe Mitteler Rebbe explains “becheila yatir” as “with great and mighty strength.”

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    Kehot’s note

    זח״א קכט, ב. ”פי׳ בחילא יתיר בכח גדול ועצום” — מאמרי אדה״א בראשית ע׳ קעב.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  10. 10

    On the words

    (טוב) מאד

    How it connects

    “And G‑d saw all that He had made, and behold, it was very good.” The Sages’ reading of “very” as the angel of death is built on this verse.our note

    The source

    Genesis 1:31בראשית א׳:ל״אSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    30וּלְכׇל־חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ וּלְכׇל־עוֹף הַשָּׁמַיִם וּלְכֹל רוֹמֵשׂ עַל־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר־בּוֹ נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה אֶת־כׇּל־יֶרֶק עֵשֶׂב לְאׇכְלָה וַיְהִי־כֵן: 31וַיַּרְא אֱלֹקִים אֶת־כׇּל־אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה וְהִנֵּה־טוֹב מְאֹד וַיְהִי־עֶרֶב וַיְהִי־בֹקֶר יוֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי:

    30… is a living soul, [I have given] every green herb for food.’ And it was so. 31And God saw every thing that He had made, and, behold, it was very good. And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day.

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

    Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.

  11. 11

    On the words

    טוב זה מלאך חיים . . מאד זה מה״מ

    How it connects

    The saying is sourced in the Ki Sisa maamar, which discusses how love and awe are drawn from above and how one must first break and humble the body, an “arousal from below” through prayer.our note

    The source

    Zohar I, 14aזח״א יד, אSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    Where the note points

    Torah Ohrתורה אור

    later, 86b, where the saying is sourced

    וזהו שאו׳ בתחלת ברכות השחר הנותן לשכוי בינה להבחין בין יום ובין לילה כי התעוררות בחי׳ האהבה והיראה שבא לאדם אינם מצד עצמם כ״א שבא לו מלמעלה ע״י בחי׳ שכוי רוחניות שיש למעלה שהוא המבחין בין יום ובין לילה דהיינו בין חסדים לגבורות ע״י המשכת בינה עלאה וכן עד״ז כל שאר הברכות וכל סדר התפלה למתבונן בהם ומשכיל על דבר ימצא. אך כדי להמשיך לו האהבה שיבא לו מלמעלה צריך מתחלה לבטש את הגוף ולהכניעו ולהשפילו במרירות כמ״ש במ״א. כדכתיב קרוב ה׳ לנשברי לב ואת דכאי רוח יושיע. וכדכתיב זבחי אלהים רוח נשברה. כי בכדי שיומשך בחי׳ הוי״ה לבחי׳ אלהים שלנו צריך מתחלה לעשות זבחי אלהים שדרך ההוא נמשך בחי׳ הוי״ה. והנה כל זה נקרא אתערותא דלתתא מלמטה למעלה והוא ענין התפלה. אבל ענין התורה היא בחי׳ מלמעלה למטה. והוא …

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    Likkutei Torahלקוטי תורה

    Chukas, 62a · not yet checked

    Our explanationThe note also sends the reader to Likkutei Torah, Chukas, for this saying of the Sages about “good” and “very good.”

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    Likkutei Torah, Chukas, maamar 7בלקו״ת חקת סב, א

    page 62a, ¶2

    בזהר מאן דלא מהפך מרירו למתקא לית ליה חולקא בהאי עלמא כלום (ע׳ בזהר בראשית דף ד׳ ע״א ובפי׳ הרמ״ז שם) כי זה כל האדם לא נברא אלא בשביל זה, שהרי בבית ראשון לא היו מתפללין כלל גם בבית שני תקנו אנשי כנסת הגדולה תפלה קצרה. ובודאי כל העבודה שלהם לא היה כי אם ע״ד זה להפוך מרירו למתקא. והענין הוא כי הדינין נמתקים בשרשן. דהנה כל רעות ודינים ר״ל …

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    Kehot’s note

    נסמן לקמן פו, ב וראה בלקו״ת חקת סב, א. וראה גם זח״א יד, א.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  12. 12

    How it connects

    “These are the kings who reigned in the land of Edom before any king reigned over the Children of Israel.” In Kabbalah they are the kings of Tohu, whose root precedes and exceeds the G‑dly soul’s.our note

    The source

    Genesis 36:31בראשית ל״ו:ל״אSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    30אַלּוּף דִּשֹׁן אַלּוּף אֵצֶר אַלּוּף דִּישָׁן אֵלֶּה אַלּוּפֵי הַחֹרִי לְאַלֻּפֵיהֶם בְּאֶרֶץ שֵׂעִיר: 31וְאֵלֶּה הַמְּלָכִים אֲשֶׁר מָלְכוּ בְּאֶרֶץ אֱדוֹם לִפְנֵי מְלׇךְ־מֶלֶךְ לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל: 32וַיִּמְלֹךְ בֶּאֱדוֹם בֶּלַע בֶּן־בְּעוֹר וְשֵׁם עִירוֹ דִּנְהָבָה:

    30… the chiefs that came of the Horites, according to their chiefs in the land of Seir. 31And these are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom, before there reigned any king over the children of Israel. 32And Bela the son of Beor reigned in Edom; and the name of his city was Dinhabah.

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

  13. 13

    On the words

    אבל בשרשם הם למעלה מעלה

    How it connects

    Other maamarim of Torah Ohr that develop the idea that the root of what fell through the shattering of the vessels is higher than the level of the G‑dly soul.our note

    Where the note points

    Torah Ohrתורה אור

    later, Beshalach 62d ff.; Yisro 71a · not yet checked

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)
    Likkutei Torahלקוטי תורה

    beginning of Parshas Balak, and elsewhere · not yet checked

    Our explanationA parallel treatment in Likkutei Torah of the lofty root of the forces that fell.

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)
    The Rebbe’s maamar “להבין ענין כתיבת ספר תורה” (5730)ד״ה להבין ענין כתיבת ספר תורה תש״ל

    A maamar of the Rebbe, 5730

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    Torah Ohr, Beshalach, maamar 3לקמן בשלח סב, סע״ד

    page 62d, ¶13

    מצד עצמה.

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    Kehot’s note

    ראה לקמן בשלח סב, סע״ד ואילך. יתרו עא, א. לקו״ת ר״פ בלק ועוד. ד״ה להבין ענין כתיבת ספר תורה תש״ל הערה 19.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

6ולזאת גם כמו שנפלו למטה יש להם תגבורת על נפש האלקית מפני ששרשם הוא מבחי׳ מלוכה שהוא בחי׳ התנשאות כו׳.

Therefore, even as they have fallen down, they have mastery over the G‑dly soul, because their root is from the level of kingship, which is the level of self-exaltation, etc.

Explanation

Because the animal soul’s root is in Tohu’s kings, even in its fallen state it has the power to dominate the G‑dly soul. Its root is “kingship,” and a king’s nature is self-exaltation; hence the animal soul’s forceful ego.

וגם האדם מקבל חיות מבחי׳ בהמות ומאכלים ובלעדם אינו יכול לחיות משא״כ המאכלים אינם צריכים אל האדם.

Also, a person receives life-force from the level of animals and foods, and without them he cannot live, whereas the foods do not need the person.

Explanation

A second sign of the higher root: man, the highest creature, draws his life from animals and food and cannot live without them, while they do not need him. The dependence of the higher on the lower shows that the lower has a loftier source.

Paragraph 6 in brief

The paragraph gives two signs that the forces of the animal soul and the physical world have a higher root: their power to dominate the G‑dly soul, and man’s dependence on food for life.

Deeper

The idea that the lower sustains the higher because its source is higher is developed at length in Chassidus in explaining why the soul is nourished by physical food: the sparks of Tohu within food stem from a level higher than the soul.

7וכל זה מפני שבשרש שרשם למעלה הם גבוהים הרבה מבחי׳ הנשמות ולזאת ע״י ירידת והתלבשות נפש האלקית בנפש

All this is because in the root of their root above they are much higher than the level of the souls. Therefore, through the descent and enclothement of the G‑dly soul in the

Explanation

The Alter Rebbe restates the principle: at the root of their root, these forces are far higher than the souls. That is why the G‑dly soul had to descend and be enclothed specifically in the animal soul.

הבהמית דוקא לעסוק בטרדות ומחשבות הפרנסה בענינים גשמיים שהם הנקראים מים רבים הנ״ל יכולה לבא לבחי׳ אהבת בכל מאדך.

animal soul specifically, to occupy itself with the preoccupations and thoughts of livelihood in physical matters — which are what are called the “many waters” mentioned above — it can come to the level of the love “with all your might,”

Explanation

By working through the animal soul, engaged in the worries of livelihood, the “many waters,” the G‑dly soul can reach the love of “with all your might.”

שהוא בלי גבול כנ״ל שהיא מדרגה היותר גבוה מהיותה קודם ירידתה בגוף שהיתה רק נהנית מזיו השכינה כו׳.

which is without limit, as mentioned above, which is a higher level than [it had] when it was before its descent into the body, when it merely delighted in the radiance of the Shechinah, etc.

Explanation

That limitless love is higher than the state the soul enjoyed before it came into the body, when it only delighted in G‑d’s radiance.

והיינו ע״י אתכפיי׳ ואתהפכא חשוכא דוקא שהוא בחי׳ יתרון האור שמתוך החשך כנ״ל. לפי ששרשם למעלה גבוה ממדרגת נפש האלקית כנ״ל רק שנפלו למטה כמ״ש וימלך וימת כו׳ וע״י אתכפייא נעשה תחה״מ:

That is, through iskafya and is’hapcha chashocha specifically, which is the level of the advantage of light that is out of darkness, as mentioned above, because their root above is higher than the rank of the G‑dly soul, as mentioned above, only that they fell down, as it is written, “And he reigned, and he died,” etc.; and through iskafya the resurrection of the dead comes about.

Explanation

It is achieved only through iskafya and is’hapcha chashocha, subduing and transforming the darkness. Because the animal soul’s root is higher, subduing it releases that higher light; and this process of iskafya is what will ultimately bring about the resurrection of the dead, when the physical body itself is elevated.

Paragraph 7 in brief

The paragraph summarises the mechanism: because the animal soul’s root is higher, the G‑dly soul’s descent into it, and its labour in the “many waters,” let it reach a limitless love surpassing its state before descent, and through iskafya bring about the resurrection of the dead.

Deeper

The link between iskafya and the resurrection reflects the Chassidic teaching that the reward of the Messianic era, including the resurrection, is the revelation of the effect of refining the body and the animal soul in this world.

The ark of prayer ¶8–10

8וזהו מארז״ל יפה שעה א׳ בתשובה ומע״ט בעוה״ז מכל חיי העוה״ב כנ״ל. ולזאת נקראו מים רבים הנ״ל מי נח לפי שנעשה

And this is [the meaning of] the saying of our Sages, of blessed memory, “One hour of teshuvah and good deeds in this world is better than all the life of the World to Come,” as mentioned above. Therefore the “many waters” mentioned above are called “the waters of Noach,” because there comes about

Explanation

This explains the Mishnah quoted earlier: an hour of teshuvah and good deeds in this world surpasses the World to Come, since only here is there darkness to transform. And it explains why the “many waters” are named after Noach, “rest.”

ע״י נייחא דרוחא שנעשה מהם תבת נח שהוא בחי׳ תיבות התפלה וכמ״ש בא אתה וכל ביתך אל התבה כו׳.

through [them] naycha d’rucha, for from them is made the ark (teivah) of Noach, which is the level of the words (teivos) of prayer, as it is written, “Come, you and all your household, into the ark,” etc.

Explanation

From the waters of livelihood comes the ark, the teivah, which in Hebrew also means “word.” The ark is the words of prayer; G‑d’s call to Noach to enter the ark with his household is a call to enter wholly into the words of prayer, where the day’s struggles are elevated.

Paragraph 8 in brief

The paragraph ties the imagery together: the “many waters” are the waters of Noach because through them comes rest of spirit, and the ark (teivah) that floats on them is the words (teivos) of prayer.

Deeper

The play on teivah, “ark” and “word,” lets the whole Flood narrative be read as a guide to prayer: the person enters the words with all of himself, and the waters of the day lift them up, as the next paragraphs show.

Marei mekomos

  1. 1

    On the words

    בא אתה וכל ביתך אל התבה

    How it connects

    G‑d tells Noach, “Come, you and all your household, into the ark.” The maamar reads the ark (teivah) as the words (teivos) of prayer.our note

    The source

    Genesis 7:1בראשית ז׳:א׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    1וַיֹּאמֶר ה׳ לְנֹחַ בֹּא־אַתָּה וְכׇל־בֵּיתְךָ אֶל־הַתֵּבָה כִּי־אֹתְךָ רָאִיתִי צַדִּיק לְפָנַי בַּדּוֹר הַזֶּה: 2מִכֹּל הַבְּהֵמָה הַטְּהוֹרָה תִּקַּח־לְךָ שִׁבְעָה שִׁבְעָה אִישׁ וְאִשְׁתּוֹ וּמִן־הַבְּהֵמָה אֲשֶׁר לֹא טְהֹרָה הִוא שְׁנַיִם אִישׁ וְאִשְׁתּוֹ:

    1And the LORD said unto Noah: ‘Come thou and all thy house into the ark; for thee have I seen righteous before Me in this generation. 2Of every clean beast thou shalt take to thee seven and seven, each with his mate; …

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

    Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.

9וזהו ויגברו המים מאד כו׳ חמש עשרה אמה מלמעלה גברו המים כו׳ שהוא בחי׳ תגבורת נפש הבהמית על בחי׳ נפש האלקית בעסק הפרנסה ועניינים הגשמיים אך עי״ז נעשה אח״כ יתרון אור כו׳ כנ״ל.

And this is [the meaning of] “And the waters prevailed very greatly,” etc., “fifteen cubits upward did the waters prevail,” etc.: this is the level of the mastery of the animal soul over the level of the G‑dly soul in the occupation of livelihood and physical matters; but through this there afterward comes about an advantage of light, etc., as mentioned above.

Explanation

The verses describe the waters of the Flood swelling and rising fifteen cubits above the mountains. The Alter Rebbe reads this as the animal soul’s temporary dominance over the G‑dly soul while a person is immersed in business; but this very dominance is what later produces the greater light of prayer.

Paragraph 9 in brief

The paragraph applies the verse “the waters prevailed” to the animal soul’s dominance during working hours, which later becomes the source of greater light.

Marei mekomos

  1. 1

    On the words

    ויגברו המים

    How it connects

    “And the waters prevailed and increased greatly upon the earth.” The Alter Rebbe reads the rising waters as the growing force of the animal soul during a day of business.our note

    The source

    Genesis 7:18בראשית ז׳:י״חSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    17וַיְהִי הַמַּבּוּל אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם עַל־הָאָרֶץ וַיִּרְבּוּ הַמַּיִם וַיִּשְׂאוּ אֶת־הַתֵּבָה וַתָּרׇם מֵעַל הָאָרֶץ: 18וַיִּגְבְּרוּ הַמַּיִם וַיִּרְבּוּ מְאֹד עַל־הָאָרֶץ וַתֵּלֶךְ הַתֵּבָה עַל־פְּנֵי הַמָּיִם: 19וְהַמַּיִם גָּבְרוּ מְאֹד מְאֹד עַל־הָאָרֶץ וַיְכֻסּוּ כׇּל־הֶהָרִים הַגְּבֹהִים אֲשֶׁר־תַּחַת כׇּל־הַשָּׁמָיִם:

    17… the waters increased, and bore up the ark, and it was lifted up above the earth. 18And the waters prevailed, and increased greatly upon the earth; and the ark went upon the face of the waters. 19And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the high mountains that were under …

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

    Kehot’s note

    בראשית ז, יח.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  2. 2

    On the words

    חמש עשרה אמה מלמעלה גברו המים

    How it connects

    “Fifteen cubits upward did the waters prevail, and the mountains were covered.” Part of the same image of the waters’ dominance.our note

    The source

    Genesis 7:20בראשית ז׳:כ׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    19וְהַמַּיִם גָּבְרוּ מְאֹד מְאֹד עַל־הָאָרֶץ וַיְכֻסּוּ כׇּל־הֶהָרִים הַגְּבֹהִים אֲשֶׁר־תַּחַת כׇּל־הַשָּׁמָיִם: 20חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה מִלְמַעְלָה גָּבְרוּ הַמָּיִם וַיְכֻסּוּ הֶהָרִים: 21וַיִּגְוַע כׇּל־בָּשָׂר הָרֹמֵשׂ עַל־הָאָרֶץ בָּעוֹף וּבַבְּהֵמָה וּבַחַיָּה וּבְכׇל־הַשֶּׁרֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵץ עַל־הָאָרֶץ וְכֹל הָאָדָם:

    19… upon the earth; and all the high mountains that were under the whole heaven were covered. 20Fifteen cubits upward did the waters prevail; and the mountains were covered. 21And all flesh perished that moved upon the earth, both fowl, and cattle, and beast, and …

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

    Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.

10וזהו ותלך התבה על פני המים דוקא ותרם התבה כו׳ שע״י המים דוקא מתעלות תיבות התפלה ועולה למעלה מעלה כנ״ל.

And this is [the meaning of] “And the ark went upon the face of the waters” — specifically — “and the ark was lifted up,” etc.: through the waters specifically, the words (teivos) of prayer are elevated and rise higher and higher, as mentioned above.

Explanation

“The ark went upon the face of the waters,” and it was the waters themselves that lifted the ark high. So too the words of prayer are raised precisely by the “waters” of a day of material struggle, and they rise to the highest levels.

וזהו טעות הבעלי עסקים שבדעתם שאין יכול׳ להתפלל כ״כ כמו היושבי אוהלים כי אדרבה נהפוך הוא שהם יכולים להתפלל יותר כי יתרון האור הוא מתוך החשך דוקא כו׳.

And this is the error of the businessmen, who think that they cannot pray as much as those who dwell in the tents; for, on the contrary, it is quite the reverse: they can pray more, for the advantage of light is specifically out of darkness, etc.

Explanation

The practical conclusion: businesspeople often assume they cannot pray as well as full-time scholars, “those who dwell in the tents” of study. The Alter Rebbe says the opposite is true: their prayer can reach higher, because their light comes out of darkness.

Paragraph 10 in brief

The paragraph reads the ark lifted by the waters as prayer lifted by the day’s struggles, and draws the lesson that people in business can pray even more deeply than full-time scholars.

Marei mekomos

  1. 1

    On the words

    ותלך התבה על פני המים

    How it connects

    “And the ark went upon the face of the waters.” The ark, the words of prayer, moves on the waters of livelihood.our note

    The source

    Genesis 7:18בראשית ז׳:י״חSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    17וַיְהִי הַמַּבּוּל אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם עַל־הָאָרֶץ וַיִּרְבּוּ הַמַּיִם וַיִּשְׂאוּ אֶת־הַתֵּבָה וַתָּרׇם מֵעַל הָאָרֶץ: 18וַיִּגְבְּרוּ הַמַּיִם וַיִּרְבּוּ מְאֹד עַל־הָאָרֶץ וַתֵּלֶךְ הַתֵּבָה עַל־פְּנֵי הַמָּיִם: 19וְהַמַּיִם גָּבְרוּ מְאֹד מְאֹד עַל־הָאָרֶץ וַיְכֻסּוּ כׇּל־הֶהָרִים הַגְּבֹהִים אֲשֶׁר־תַּחַת כׇּל־הַשָּׁמָיִם:

    17… the waters increased, and bore up the ark, and it was lifted up above the earth. 18And the waters prevailed, and increased greatly upon the earth; and the ark went upon the face of the waters. 19And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the high mountains that were under …

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

    Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.

  2. 2

    On the words

    ותרם התבה

    How it connects

    “And the waters increased and bore up the ark, and it was lifted up above the earth.” The waters themselves raise the ark, as the struggles of the day raise prayer.our note

    The source

    Genesis 7:17בראשית ז׳:י״זSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    16וְהַבָּאִים זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה מִכׇּל־בָּשָׂר בָּאוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה אֹתוֹ אֱלֹקִים וַיִּסְגֹּר ה׳ בַּעֲדוֹ: 17וַיְהִי הַמַּבּוּל אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם עַל־הָאָרֶץ וַיִּרְבּוּ הַמַּיִם וַיִּשְׂאוּ אֶת־הַתֵּבָה וַתָּרׇם מֵעַל הָאָרֶץ: 18וַיִּגְבְּרוּ הַמַּיִם וַיִּרְבּוּ מְאֹד עַל־הָאָרֶץ וַתֵּלֶךְ הַתֵּבָה עַל־פְּנֵי הַמָּיִם:

    16… male and female of all flesh, as God commanded him; and the LORD shut him in. 17And the flood was forty days upon the earth; and the waters increased, and bore up the ark, and it was lifted up above the earth. 18And the waters prevailed, and increased greatly upon the earth; and the ark went upon the …

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

    Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.

The lower Shabbos ¶11

11וזהו שנק׳ מי נח נייחא דרוחא שהוא בחי׳ השבת כמ״ש כי בו שבת מכל מלאכתו כו׳.

And this is why the waters of Noach are called naycha d’rucha, which is the level of Shabbos, as it is written, “For on it He ceased from all His work,” etc.

Explanation

The Alter Rebbe now explains why the “rest” of Noach is Shabbos. The Torah says that on the seventh day G‑d “ceased from all His work,” and cessation from creative work is what Shabbos is.

שבו׳ ימי המעשה הוא בחי׳ התפשטות והמשכת מלכותו ית׳ למטה כמו ביום הראשון נאמר ויאמר אלקים יהי אור כו׳

For the six days of work are the level of the spreading forth and drawing down of His Malchus (sovereignty), blessed be He, below; as on the first day it is said, “And G‑d said, ‘Let there be light,’” etc.,

Explanation

During the six days of creation G‑d’s Malchus, His creative sovereignty, spread outward and downward into ever more worlds and creatures; each day began with a new utterance, starting with “Let there be light.”

יהי רקיע תדשא הארץ דשא כו׳ שנקראים ימי המעשה ובשבת הוא בחי׳ שביתה ממלאכה ונייחא דרוחא שהוא עליית העולמות למעלה כאדם השובת ונח ממלאכתו.

“Let there be a firmament,” “Let the earth sprout vegetation,” etc., which are called the days of work; and on Shabbos there is the level of ceasing from work and naycha d’rucha, which is the ascent of the worlds on high, like a person who ceases and rests from his work.

Explanation

The further utterances, the firmament and the vegetation, continued this outward flow, which is why those days are called “days of work.” On Shabbos the flow reverses: the worlds ascend back toward their Source, just as a person who stops working withdraws from his tasks and rests.

כמו״כ הוא בחי׳ טרדת ועסק הפרנסה בענינים גשמיים שנק׳ מים רבים כשמתהפכים ועולים אח״כ בבחי׳ אלקות ע״י התפלה כנ״ל נק׳ בחי׳ זו בחי׳ נייחא דרוחא

So too is the level of the preoccupation and occupation of livelihood in physical matters, which are called “many waters”: when they are transformed and afterward rise into the level of G‑dliness through prayer, as mentioned above, this level is called the level of naycha d’rucha,

Explanation

The same pattern happens in a person’s week. The day spent in the pressure of business is outward “work”; when, through prayer, those involvements are transformed and raised up into G‑dliness, the result is naycha d’rucha, rest of spirit.

שהוא בחי׳ שבת כנ״ל כידוע שכל תפלה מו׳ ימי המעשה היא הארה מבחי׳ שבת כנ״ל. אך כל זה הוא שבת תתאה.

which is the level of Shabbos, as mentioned above; as is known, every prayer of the six weekdays is a glow from the level of Shabbos, as mentioned above. But all this is the lower Shabbos.

Explanation

That is why weekday prayer is a kind of Shabbos: each weekday prayer carries a glow of Shabbos, an ascent of the worlds. But the Alter Rebbe adds that all this is only the “lower Shabbos,” the rest that follows toil, as opposed to the higher Shabbos he now introduces.

Paragraph 11 in brief

The paragraph explains that the “rest” produced by the waters of livelihood is a form of Shabbos: as the worlds ascend on Shabbos after the outward flow of the six days, so a day’s material work ascends in prayer, a glow of Shabbos in the week. Yet this is only the lower Shabbos.

Deeper

The idea that each weekday contains a glow of Shabbos, specifically in prayer, is developed in the Likkutei Torah and Torah Ohr passages the Kehot note cites: the Torah study and mitzvos of each day are gathered into its prayer and rise, and then all the weekday prayers are gathered into Shabbos itself.

Marei mekomos

  1. 1

    On the words

    כי בו שבת מכל מלאכתו

    How it connects

    “For on it He ceased from all His work which G‑d created to make.” The maamar identifies this cessation with naycha d’rucha, the rest of Noach.our note

    The source

    Genesis 2:3בראשית ב׳:ג׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    2וַיְכַל אֱלֹקִים בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה וַיִּשְׁבֹּת בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי מִכׇּל־מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה: 3וַיְבָרֶךְ אֱלֹקִים אֶת־יוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וַיְקַדֵּשׁ אֹתוֹ כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת מִכׇּל־מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר־בָּרָא אֱלֹקִים לַעֲשׂוֹת: 4אֵלֶּה תוֹלְדוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם וְהָאָרֶץ בְּהִבָּרְאָם בְּיוֹם עֲשׂוֹת ה׳ אֱלֹקִים אֶרֶץ וְשָׁמָיִם:

    2… made; and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had made. 3And God blessed the seventh day, and hallowed it; because that in it He rested from all His work which God in creating had made. 4These are the generations of the heaven and of the earth when they were created, in …

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

    Kehot’s note

    בראשית ב, ג.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  2. 2

    On the words

    ויאמר אלקים יהי אור

    How it connects

    The first utterance of creation. The Alter Rebbe cites it as the beginning of the outward flow of Malchus during the six days.our note

    The source

    Genesis 1:3בראשית א׳:ג׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    2וְהָאָרֶץ הָיְתָה תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ וְחֹשֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵי תְהוֹם וְרוּחַ אֱלֹקִים מְרַחֶפֶת עַל־פְּנֵי הַמָּיִם: 3וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹקִים יְהִי אוֹר וַיְהִי־אוֹר: 4וַיַּרְא אֱלֹקִים אֶת־הָאוֹר כִּי־טוֹב וַיַּבְדֵּל אֱלֹקִים בֵּין הָאוֹר וּבֵין הַחֹשֶׁךְ:

    2… face of the deep; and the spirit of God hovered over the face of the waters. 3And God said: ‘Let there be light.’ And there was light. 4And God saw the light, that it was good; and God divided the light from the darkness.

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

    Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.

  3. 3

    On the words

    יהי רקיע

    How it connects

    The utterance of the second day, another stage of the downward flow of creation.our note

    The source

    Genesis 1:6בראשית א׳:ו׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    5וַיִּקְרָא אֱלֹקִים לָאוֹר יוֹם וְלַחֹשֶׁךְ קָרָא לָיְלָה וַיְהִי־עֶרֶב וַיְהִי־בֹקֶר יוֹם אֶחָד: 6וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹקִים יְהִי רָקִיעַ בְּתוֹךְ הַמָּיִם וִיהִי מַבְדִּיל בֵּין מַיִם לָמָיִם: 7וַיַּעַשׂ אֱלֹקִים אֶת־הָרָקִיעַ וַיַּבְדֵּל בֵּין הַמַּיִם אֲשֶׁר מִתַּחַת לָרָקִיעַ וּבֵין הַמַּיִם אֲשֶׁר מֵעַל לָרָקִיעַ וַיְהִי־כֵן:

    5… and the darkness He called Night. And there was evening and there was morning, one day. 6And God said: ‘Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.’ 7And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the …

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

    Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.

  4. 4

    On the words

    תדשא הארץ דשא

    How it connects

    The utterance of the third day, part of the “days of work.”our note

    The source

    Genesis 1:11בראשית א׳:י״אSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    10וַיִּקְרָא אֱלֹקִים לַיַּבָּשָׁה אֶרֶץ וּלְמִקְוֵה הַמַּיִם קָרָא יַמִּים וַיַּרְא אֱלֹקִים כִּי־טוֹב: 11וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹקִים תַּדְשֵׁא הָאָרֶץ דֶּשֶׁא עֵשֶׂב מַזְרִיעַ זֶרַע עֵץ פְּרִי עֹשֶׂה פְּרִי לְמִינוֹ אֲשֶׁר זַרְעוֹ־בוֹ עַל־הָאָרֶץ וַיְהִי־כֵן: 12וַתּוֹצֵא הָאָרֶץ דֶּשֶׁא עֵשֶׂב מַזְרִיעַ זֶרַע לְמִינֵהוּ וְעֵץ עֹשֶׂה־פְּרִי אֲשֶׁר זַרְעוֹ־בוֹ לְמִינֵהוּ וַיַּרְא אֱלֹקִים כִּי־טוֹב:

    10… the gathering together of the waters called He Seas; and God saw that it was good. 11And God said: ‘Let the earth put forth grass, herb yielding seed, and fruit-tree bearing fruit after its kind, wherein is the seed thereof, upon the earth.’ And it was so. 12And the earth brought forth grass, herb yielding seed after its kind, and tree bearing fruit, …

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

    Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.

  5. 5

    On the words

    שו״ה למעלה — כמו״כ הוא בחי׳ טרדת

    How it connects

    A manuscript variant: in place of “the level of the preoccupation,” it reads “servitude to the kingdoms, which is the preoccupation” of livelihood, again identifying the burdens of livelihood with the servitude of exile.our note

    Where the note points

    Manuscript 1824 (a manuscript of the Alter Rebbe’s maamarim)בבוך 1824

    this maamar

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)

    Kehot’s note

    בבוך 1824: שעבוד מלכיות שהוא טרדת.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  6. 6

    On the words

    כידוע שכל תפלה מו׳ ימי המעשה היא הארה מבחי׳ שבת

    How it connects

    There the Alter Rebbe explains that when the supernal will is drawn down on Shabbos, a glow of it shines through all six weekdays, and it is revealed in weekday prayer when a person is roused with love for G‑d; as the Zohar says, Shabbos “gives strength to the other days.”our note

    Where the note points

    Torah Ohrתורה אור

    later, 88a

    כל חי כו׳ ומשם נמשך להיות רצון יראיו יעשה שיתגלה בהם הרצון העליון: והנה כשנמשך הרצה״ע להתלבש ברצון התחתון ביום השבת אזי נמשך ממנו ג״כ הארה בכל ששת ימי המעשה להיות נמצא בהאדם בחינת הארה מרצה״ע שלמעלה מהשכל. וגילוי הארה זו היא בזמן התפלה דחול כשמתעורר באהבה וחפץ לה׳ ית׳ שהוא בחי׳ הארה מקדושת שבת המאיר בימי החול כמ״ש בזוה״ק יומא דא יהיב חילא לשאר יומי כו׳. ולכן יכול להאיר בהן מבחי׳ רצה״ע הנ״ל. (וכמו שהביא בר״ח שער הקדושה פ״ב מאמרי הזוהר המבארים איך שצריך להתקדש ולהמשיך עליו בכל יום מקדושת שבת. וזהו פי׳ מ״ש קדושים תהיו כו׳ להמשיך עליו מבחי׳ שבת שהוא קדש בעצם. וכ״כ בפע״ח שתוספת נר״נ המאירים בשבת אינן מסתלקין ג״כ בימות החול רק בחי׳ תוס׳ ח״י מסתלקים במוש״ק כו׳. אך צריך להכין א״ע לקבל בחי׳ זו …

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    Likkutei Torahלקוטי תורה

    Behar, 41a; Haazinu, 72c

    העולמות, והתומע״ט של כל ימי החול מתעלים למעלה בשבת, ואמנם לא שמתכללים בשבת ממש כי א״א למהות העבודה שבחול שתוכלל בשבת, אלא שיש בכל יום הארת שבת, וכמ״ש זכור את יום השבת, והוא התפלה שבה נכללים ועולים התומע״ט של כל היום, כי התפלה נק׳ עולת תמיד ע״ש עליות העולמות שעולים למעלה מעלה בזמן התפלה (ע׳ בזהר פ׳ פנחס דרמ״ז ע״ב ופ׳ פקודי דר״ס סע״ב), כמו שהשבת נק׳ עולת שבת ע״ש עליות העולמות שבשבת, ואח״כ התפלות של כל ימי החול עם כל התומע״ט שנכללו בהן נכללים בשבת ממש. וצ״ל ענין עליות אלו מהו דהא מלא כל הארץ כבודו, וכתיב כי ה׳ הוא האלקים בשמים ממעל ועל הארץ מתחת, וכמ״ש בזהר דלית אתר פנוי מיני׳ (וכמ״ש ג״כ במדרש רבה פ׳ שמות פ׳ ב׳ למה מתוך הסנה ללמדך שאין מקום פנוי בלא שכינה …

    Our explanationIn Behar the Alter Rebbe explains that each weekday has a glow of Shabbos, namely its prayer, into which the day’s Torah and good deeds are gathered and rise; afterward all the weekday prayers are gathered into Shabbos itself.

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    Torah Ohr, Vayakhel, maamar 1לקמן פח, א

    page 88a, ¶30

    וההתבוננות בכל ששת ימי המעשה שזה הרצון התחתון נעשה בחינת כלי לגבי זה הרצה״ע שיומשך בתוכו ממש בבחי׳ השראה כהשראת האור בתוך הכלי ממש. מפני שהרצון התחתון אע״פ שהוא למטה מבחינת רצה״ע אבל עכ״פ כלי הוא לגילוי רצון העליון שיהיה מתלבש בו בהתחברות ויחוד אמתי ביום השבת.

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    Likkutei Torah, Behar, maamar 1לקו״ת בהר מא, א

    page 41a, ¶26

    שהוא לבוש בלבושים גשמיים ואינו יכול להפשיטו מלבושים שלו להיות תורת אלהיו בקרבו השכלות אלהות ממש נק׳ יין המשמח לבב אנוש. אבל כשמתענג על ה׳ בהשכלתו ברוחניות התורה ה שגת אלקות נק׳ יין המשמח אלהים בשמחת אלהים וחדות ה׳. והנה כתיב כי כרם ה׳ צבאות בית ישראל (וע׳ בזהר ח״א ע׳ צ״ו) וצריך כל אחד ואחד לעבוד בנפשו עבודת הכרם לקצוץ הקוצים דהיינו המדות נפשיות שבאדם הבאות מנפשו החיונית דהיינו …

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    Kehot’s note

    ראה כוזרי מאמר ג אות ה. וראה גם לקמן פח, א. לקו״ת בהר מא, א. האזינו עב, ג.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  7. 7

    On the words

    כידוע שכל תפלה מו׳ ימי המעשה היא הארה מבחי׳ שבת

    How it connects

    The Kehot note cites the Kuzari’s description of the pious person’s day and week, in which the daily prayers and Shabbos stand to the rest of time as its choicest part; the Alter Rebbe calls this “known.”our note

    The source

    Kuzari 3:5הכוזרי ג׳:ה׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    … וְהַמַּחֲשָׁב וְהַזִּכָּרוֹן, וְאַחַר כֵּן הַכֹּחַ הַחֶפְצִי הַמִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בְּכָל אֵלֶּה, וְהֵם מְשַׁמְּשִׁים עוֹבְדִים לְחֵפֶץ הַשֵּׂכֶל. וְלֹא עָזַב אֶחָד מֵאֵלּוּ הַכֹּחוֹת וְהָאֲבָרִים שֶׁיַּרְבֶּה בְמַה שֶּׁהוּא מְיֻחָד בּוֹ וְיַפְחִית הַנִּשְׁאָרִים. וְכַאֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה צָרְכֵי כָל אֶחָד מֵהֶם וְנָתַן לַטִּבְעִיִּים מַה שֶּׁיַּסְפִּיק לָהֶם מֵהַמְּנוּחָה וְהַשֵּׁנָה, וְלַחִיּוּנִיִּים מַה שֶּׁיַסְפִּיק לָהֶם מֵהַקִּיצָה וְהַתְּנוּעָה בְמַעֲשֵׂי הָעוֹלָם, אָז יִקְרָא אֶל עֲדָתוֹ, כְּמוֹשֵׁל הַנִּשְׁמָע שֶׁקּוֹרֵא אֶל חֵילוֹ הַשּׁוֹמֵעַ לַעֲזֹר לוֹ, לְהִדָּבֵק בַּמַּדְרֵגָה שֶׁהִיא לְמַעְלָה מִמֶּנָּה, …

    5. The Rabbi: The pious man is nothing but a prince who is obeyed by his senses, and by his mental as well as his physical faculties, which he governs corporeally, as it is written: 'He that ruleth his spirit [is better] than he that taketh a city' (Proverbs 16:32). He is fit to rule, because if he were the prince of a country he would be as just as he is to his body and soul. He subdues his passions, keeping them in bonds, but giving them their share in order to satisfy them as regards food, drink, cleanliness, etc. He further subdues the desire for power, but allows them as much expansion as avails them for the discussion of scientific or mundane views, as well as to warn the evil-minded. …

    Hebrew: Sefer haKuzari - Project Ben-Yehuda (CC-BY-SA) · English: Kitab al Khazari, translated by Hartwig Hirschfeld, 1905 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

    Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.

The higher Shabbos ¶12

12ויש עוד בחי׳ שבת עילאה שהוא מה שיהיה לעתיד שנקרא יום שכולו שבת. וזהו אשר נשבעתי מעבור מי נח עוד על הארץ.

And there is yet the level of the higher Shabbos, which is what will be in the Time to Come, which is called “the day that is entirely Shabbos.” And this is [the meaning of] “That I swore that the waters of Noach would no more pass over the earth.”

Explanation

Beyond the weekly Shabbos there is a “higher Shabbos”: the Messianic era, called in the Mishnah “the day that is entirely Shabbos.” The Alter Rebbe now returns to Isaiah’s verse about G‑d’s oath never again to bring “the waters of Noach.”

כי הנה אף שהם באו לטהר אך לא בכל זמן צריך טהרה כ״כ. כן נשבעתי מקצף עליך ומגער בך.

For although they came to purify, purification is not needed so much at every time. “So have I sworn not to be angry with you or rebuke you.”

Explanation

The waters served to purify, but purification is not needed forever. In the future, when the world is refined, the “waters” of servitude and preoccupation will no longer be needed, and so G‑d swears not to be angry with Israel or rebuke them again.

כי הנה אף שמבואר למעלה שע״י בחי׳ מים רבים הנ״ל נעשה יתרון אור כו׳. שהוא בחי׳ אהבת בכל מאדך כנ״ל.

For although it was explained above that through the level of the “many waters” mentioned above an advantage of light comes about, etc., which is the level of the love “with all your might,” as mentioned above,

Explanation

The Alter Rebbe acknowledges what he has shown: the “many waters” produce the advantage of light from darkness, the limitless love of “with all your might.”

עכ״ז יש עוד בחי׳ אהבה רבה הבאה מלמעלה שהיא למעלה מעלה אף מבחי׳ האהבה שבאה ע״י מים רבים הנ״ל.

nevertheless there is yet another level: a great love (ahavah rabbah) that comes from above, which is far higher even than the level of the love that comes through the “many waters” mentioned above.

Explanation

Yet there is a still higher love, “great love” (ahavah rabbah), which is not produced by human effort from below but is given from above. It surpasses even the love born of struggle with the “many waters.”

והוא מ״ש וימינו תחבקני כו׳. ובחי׳ האהבה זו יתגלה לעתיד. וכמ״ש (ישעי׳ נד) כי ההרים ימושו והגבעות תמוטינה וחסדי מאתך לא ימוש וברית שלומי לא תמוט כו׳.

This is what is written, “And His right hand embraces me,” etc. This level of love will be revealed in the Time to Come, as it is written (Isaiah 54), “For the mountains shall depart and the hills be removed, but My kindness shall not depart from you, nor shall My covenant of peace be removed,” etc.

Explanation

The Song of Songs describes it as “His right hand embraces me”: the right hand is Chesed, G‑d’s kindness, embracing the soul by His own initiative. This love will be revealed in the future, as Isaiah promises that even if mountains move, G‑d’s kindness will not depart.

שהוא בחי׳ חסד עליון ואה״ר הבאה מלמעלה להיות וימינו תחבקני (וזהו )(שם נב) וגבה מאד שבחי׳ בכל מאדך יהיה מבחי׳ גבוה יותר כו׳:

This is the level of supernal Chesed (kindness) and the great love that comes from above, so that “His right hand embraces me.” (And this is [the meaning of]) (ibid. 52) “and he shall be very (me’od) high”: that the level of “with all your might (me’odecha)” will be from a still higher level, etc.

Explanation

That is supernal Chesed, the great love from above. The bracketed addition reads Isaiah’s words about the servant who “shall be very (me’od) high” as saying that in the future the love of “with all your might (me’odecha)” itself will come from a yet higher level, so that the gain of the “waters” will be raised by the gift from above.

Paragraph 12 in brief

The paragraph closes the maamar by contrasting the lower Shabbos, the rest earned through the “waters” of livelihood, with the higher Shabbos of the future, when a great love given from above, supernal Chesed, will be revealed and will raise even the limitless love of “with all your might.”

Deeper

The two Shabbosos correspond to two directions of love: the love of “with all your might” rises from below through iskafya and is’hapcha chashocha, while ahavah rabbah descends from above as a gift. According to the Kehot note, the final bracketed passage on “very high” appears to be an addition by the Tzemach Tzedek and is absent from manuscript 1824.

Marei mekomos

  1. 1

    On the words

    יום שכולו שבת

    How it connects

    The Mishnah calls the Messianic future “the day that is entirely Shabbos and rest for eternal life.” The Alter Rebbe identifies it with the higher Shabbos.our note

    The source

    Mishnah Tamid 7:4משנה תמיד ז׳:ד׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    … בַּשִּׁשִּׁי הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים (שם צג), ה' מָלָךְ גֵּאוּת לָבֵשׁ וְגוֹ'. בְּשַׁבָּת הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים (שם צב), מִזְמוֹר שִׁיר לְיוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת, מִזְמוֹר שִׁיר לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא, לְיוֹם שֶׁכֻּלּוֹ שַׁבָּת מְנוּחָה לְחַיֵּי הָעוֹלָמִים:

    The following are the psalms that were chanted in the Temple. 1) On the first day they used to say, “The earth is the Lord's and the fullness thereof, the world and they that dwell therein” (Psalms 24). 2) On the second day they used to say: “Great is the Lord and highly to be praised, in the city of our God. His holy mountain” (Psalms 48). 3) On the third day they used to say: “God stands in the congregation of God, in the midst of the judges he judges” (Psalms 82). 4) On the fourth day they used to say: “O Lord, God to whom vengeance belongs. God to whom vengeance belongs, shine forth” (Psalms 94). 5) On the fifth day they used to say: “Sing aloud unto God our strength, shout unto the God …

    Hebrew: Torat Emet 357 (Public Domain) · English: Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp (CC-BY) · via Sefaria

    Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.

  2. 2

    On the words

    אשר נשבעתי מעבור מי נח עוד על הארץ

    How it connects

    The oath never again to bring the waters of Noach; the maamar reads it as the end of the need for the purifying “waters” of livelihood in the future.our note

    The source

    Isaiah 54:9ישעיהו נ״ד:ט׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    8בְּשֶׁצֶף קֶצֶף הִסְתַּרְתִּי פָנַי רֶגַע מִמֵּךְ וּבְחֶסֶד עוֹלָם רִחַמְתִּיךְ אָמַר גֹּאֲלֵךְ Havayah 9כִּי־מֵי נֹחַ זֹאת לִי אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי מֵעֲבֹר מֵי־נֹחַ עוֹד עַל־הָאָרֶץ כֵּן נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי מִקְּצֹף עָלַיִךְ וּמִגְּעׇר־בָּךְ: 10כִּי הֶהָרִים יָמוּשׁוּ וְהַגְּבָעוֹת תְּמוּטֶינָה וְחַסְדִּי מֵאִתֵּךְ לֹא־יָמוּשׁ וּבְרִית שְׁלוֹמִי לֹא תָמוּט אָמַר מְרַחֲמֵךְ ה׳

    8… moment; But with everlasting kindness will I have compassion on thee, Saith the LORD thy Redeemer. 9For this is as the waters of Noah unto Me; for as I have sworn that the waters of Noah should no more go over the earth, so have I sworn that I would not be wroth with thee, nor rebuke thee. 10For the mountains may depart, and the hills be removed; but My kindness shall not depart …

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

    Identified with the English translation and checked against Sefaria; not in Kehot’s notes.

  3. 3

    On the words

    שו״ה למעלה — למעלה שע״י

    How it connects

    A manuscript variant: it adds “the level of servitude to the kingdoms, which is,” so that it reads “through the level of servitude to the kingdoms, which is the level of the ‘many waters’ mentioned above.”our note

    Where the note points

    Manuscript 1824 (a manuscript of the Alter Rebbe’s maamarim)בבוך 1824

    this maamar

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)

    Kehot’s note

    בבוך 1824 נוסף: בחי׳ שעבוד מלכיות שהוא: בחי׳

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  4. 4

    On the words

    וימינו תחבקני

    How it connects

    “His left hand is under my head, and His right hand embraces me.” The right hand is Chesed, the great love that comes from above.our note

    The source

    Song of Songs 2:6שיר השירים ב׳:ו׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    5סַמְּכוּנִי בָּאֲשִׁישׁוֹת רַפְּדוּנִי בַּתַּפּוּחִים כִּי־חוֹלַת אַהֲבָה אָנִי: 6שְׂמֹאלוֹ תַּחַת לְרֹאשִׁי וִימִינוֹ תְּחַבְּקֵנִי: 7הִשְׁבַּעְתִּי אֶתְכֶם בְּנוֹת יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם בִּצְבָאוֹת אוֹ בְּאַיְלוֹת הַשָּׂדֶה אִם־תָּעִירוּ וְאִם־תְּעוֹרְרוּ אֶת־הָאַהֲבָה עַד שֶׁתֶּחְפָּץ:

    5’Stay ye me with dainties, refresh me with apples; For I am love-sick.’ 6Let his left hand be under my head, And his right hand embrace me. 7’I adjure you, O daughters of Jerusalem, By the gazelles, and by the hinds of the …

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

    Kehot’s note

    שה״ש ב, ו.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

  5. 5

    How it connects

    “For the mountains may depart and the hills be removed, but My kindness shall not depart from you.” The Alter Rebbe reads it as the revelation of supernal Chesed in the future.our note

    The source

    Isaiah 54:10ישעיהו נ״ד:י׳Sefaria (opens in a new tab)

    9כִּי־מֵי נֹחַ זֹאת לִי אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי מֵעֲבֹר מֵי־נֹחַ עוֹד עַל־הָאָרֶץ כֵּן נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי מִקְּצֹף עָלַיִךְ וּמִגְּעׇר־בָּךְ: 10כִּי הֶהָרִים יָמוּשׁוּ וְהַגְּבָעוֹת תְּמוּטֶינָה וְחַסְדִּי מֵאִתֵּךְ לֹא־יָמוּשׁ וּבְרִית שְׁלוֹמִי לֹא תָמוּט אָמַר מְרַחֲמֵךְ ה׳ 11עֲנִיָּה סֹעֲרָה לֹא נֻחָמָה הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי מַרְבִּיץ בַּפּוּךְ אֲבָנַיִךְ וִיסַדְתִּיךְ בַּסַּפִּירִים:

    9… earth, so have I sworn that I would not be wroth with thee, nor rebuke thee. 10For the mountains may depart, and the hills be removed; but My kindness shall not depart from thee, neither shall My covenant of peace be removed, saith the LORD that hath compassion on thee. 11O thou afflicted, tossed with tempest, and not comforted, behold, I will set thy stones in …

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

  6. 6

    How it connects

    “Behold, My servant shall prosper; he shall be exalted and lifted up, and be very high.” The word “very” (me’od) is read as the love of “with all your might (me’odecha)” raised to a higher level.our note

    The source

    Isaiah 52:13ישעיהו נ״ב:י״גSefaria (opens in a new tab)

    12כִּי לֹא בְחִפָּזוֹן תֵּצֵאוּ וּבִמְנוּסָה לֹא תֵלֵכוּן כִּי־הֹלֵךְ לִפְנֵיכֶם Havayah וּמְאַסִּפְכֶם אֱלֹקֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל: 13הִנֵּה יַשְׂכִּיל עַבְדִּי יָרוּם וְנִשָּׂא וְגָבַהּ מְאֹד: 14כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁמְמוּ עָלֶיךָ רַבִּים כֵּן־מִשְׁחַת מֵאִישׁ מַרְאֵהוּ וְתֹאֲרוֹ מִבְּנֵי אָדָם:

    12… For the LORD will go before you, And the God of Israel will be your rearward. 13Behold, My servant shall prosper, He shall be exalted and lifted up, and shall be very high. 14According as many were appalled at thee— So marred was his visage unlike that of a …

    Hebrew: Miqra according to the Masorah (CC-BY-SA) · English: JPS 1917 (Public Domain) · via Sefaria

  7. 7

    On the words

    שו״ה להיות — (וזהו . . יותר כו׳)

    How it connects

    The closing parenthesis on Isaiah’s “very high” is missing from this manuscript; the note says it is apparently an addition by the Tzemach Tzedek.our note

    Where the note points

    Manuscript 1824 (a manuscript of the Alter Rebbe’s maamarim)בבוך 1824

    this maamar

    Look for it in the Lubavitch Library (opens in a new tab)

    Kehot’s note

    כנראה הוספת כ״ק הצ״צ. בבוך 1824 ליתא.

    From “Sources and References”, © Kehot Publication Society (CC BY-NC), via Sefaria.

Finished the maamar?

Mark it as learned; it counts toward the week and the year’s siyum.

In one’s avodah

A person who spends the day in business should not think his prayer must be weaker than a scholar’s. After a day in the “many waters,” let him contemplate in prayer how everything below receives from above until it all depends on G‑d’s Malchus, itself only a glow of His essence; then the very darkness of the day becomes the source of a stronger, limitless love, and his prayer rises higher.

Questions for discussion

  1. Why does the Alter Rebbe say the worries of livelihood cannot extinguish the soul’s love, and how can they actually raise it higher than before the soul’s descent?
  2. How does understanding the Flood as purification rather than only punishment change the way one might view the pressures of earning a living?
  3. What is the connection between the name Noach (rest), Shabbos and prayer in this maamar?
  4. Why does love that comes “out of darkness” exceed love that never met darkness, and what does the high root of the animal soul have to do with it?
  5. How does the love of “with all your might” differ from the “great love from above” that will be revealed in the future?

Key terms in this maamar

The G‑dly soulנפש האלקית
The soul that is 'a part of G‑d above'. ×8
The Shechinah (Divine Presence)שכינה
G‑d's presence as it dwells in the world. ×6
The Infinite One (Ein Sof)אין סוף
G‑d's own boundless essence.
Teshuvah (return)תשובה
Returning to G‑d; not only repentance. ×3
The sitra achra (the other side)סטרא אחרא
The realm opposed to holiness.
Life-forceחיות
The divine vitality that sustains every creation. ×3
Malchus (sovereignty)מלכות
Kingship: the level through which G‑d's word creates and rules the worlds. ×1
Daas (knowledge)דעת
Deep connection to an idea, bridging intellect and emotion. ×1
The animal soulנפש הבהמית
The soul that animates the body and its drives. ×2
Chesed (kindness)חסד
Expansive giving. ×1
The Name Elokimאלקים
G‑d as concealed within nature, measuring and limiting. ×1

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Contents

Torah Ohrתורה אור

Parshas Noachנח

  1. 1מים רבים לא יוכלו לכבות את…Many waters cannot extinguish the love
    1. The love the waters cannot quench ¶1–2
    2. The waters of Noach ¶3
    3. What the servitude is ¶4
    4. Light out of darkness ¶5–7
    5. The ark of prayer ¶8–10
    6. The lower Shabbos ¶11
    7. The higher Shabbos ¶12
    1. 1
    2. 2
    3. 3
    4. 4
    5. 5
    6. 6
    7. 7
    8. 8
    9. 9
    10. 10
    11. 11
    12. 12
  2. 2אם יתן איש את כל הון…If a man would give all the wealth of his house
  3. 3ביאור על הנ״לAn Explanation of the Above
  4. 4ויאמר ה׳ הן עם אחד ושפה…“And G‑d said: Behold, they are one people, and one language for them all”